Abstract

In the fall of 2022, we studied damages at the 16th-century Ravat Abdullakhan Mosque in the city of Osh in the east of the Fergana Valley using archeoseismology method. Seismic deformations related, apparently, to the strong Kokand earthquake that occurred in 1822 have been revealed: a significant horizontal displacement of the upper part of the mosque relative to the lower part, systematic tilts of the colonnades, and rotations around the vertical axis (both of individual parts of the mosque and the building as a whole). Such severe damage could have been caused by seismic oscillations with a strength of I_l = 8‒9 (according to the MSK-64 scale). The Ravat Abdullakhan Mosque was built in the 16th century on the ruins of two more ancient structures. It is possible that two seismic events of the 12th and 15th centuries led to the destruction of these buildings (the construction of the pre-Mongol period and, presumably, the Jauz Mosque mentioned in Bāburnāma). The first earthquake is likely responsible for the destruction of the bath complex from the Karakhanid era that is located next to the mosque. The sources of seismic oscillations were tectonic movements along the zones of adyr faults and folds that were located near the Ravat Abdullakhan Mosque. It is possible that the initiator of seismic damage to the mosque was Mount Sulaiman-Too, an actively growing anticlinal adyr fold; the medieval structure under study is located at the its eastern foot.

中文翻译：

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苏莱曼图山脚下中世纪古迹的考古地震学研究（费尔干纳盆地奥什市）

摘要

2022年秋天，我们利用考古地震学方法对费尔干纳盆地东部奥什市16世纪的拉瓦特·阿卜杜拉汗清真寺的损坏情况进行了研究。显然，与 1822 年发生的浩罕强烈地震有关的地震变形已被揭示：清真寺上部相对于下部的显着水平位移、柱廊的系统倾斜以及绕垂直轴的旋转（两者）清真寺的各个部分和整个建筑）。如此严重的破坏可能是由强度为I _l = 8-9（根据 MSK-64 震级）的地震振荡造成的。拉瓦阿卜杜拉汗清真寺 (Ravat Abdullakhan Mosque) 建于 16 世纪，建在另外两座古老建筑的废墟上。12 世纪和 15 世纪的两次地震事件可能导致这些建筑被毁（前蒙古时期的建筑，大概还有《巴本纳玛》中提到的若兹清真寺）。第一次地震很可能导致位于清真寺旁边的喀喇汗时代的浴室建筑群被毁。地震振荡的来源是沿着拉瓦阿卜杜拉汗清真寺附近的阿迪尔断层和褶皱带的构造运动。清真寺地震损坏的始作俑者可能是苏莱曼图山，这是一个活跃生长的背斜阿迪尔褶皱；正在研究的中世纪建筑位于其东麓。