The objective of this study was to assess the effect of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on the morphology, physiology, and biochemistry of Citrus indica Yu. Tanaka, which is considered a native and endangered species in northeast India. Moreover, C. indica seeds do not germinate well in their natural habitat, and the species does not have a good commercial standing in terms of valuable metabolite synthesis. Therefore, an efficient quick-growth method with improved phytochemical synthesis has been accomplished. For mass production employing micropropagation with embryos as explants, Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium was supplemented with 0.2 µM, 0.4 µM, and 0.6 µM of SNP, 3.0 µM of 6-benzylaminopurines (BAP), and 4.0 µM of thidiazuron (TDZ). The results showed that 0.4 µM of SNP alone or in conjunction with 3.0 µM of BAP was sufficient to improve morphological characteristics. In addition, established clones were examined for membrane stability by measuring electrolyte leakage (EL) and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as photosynthetic pigment and carotenoids. In almost all the cases, high values were recorded when 0.4 µM of SNP was used, either singly or in conjunction with 3.0 µM of BAP in the MS medium. Clonally produced plantlets were also subjected to phytochemical screening and antioxidant activities, such as hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), superoxide anion, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, wherein these tests also revealed incorporation of SNP exhibited enhanced phytochemical concentrations and antioxidant activities. This research can thus be used to mass produce in vitro plantlets with considerably higher quantities of secondary metabolites, which may make them more resistant to environmental challenges than their natural counterparts without treatment.

本研究的目的是评估硝普钠（SNP）对柑橘形态、生理和生物化学的影响。田中，被认为是印度东北部的本土和濒临灭绝的物种。此外，C. indica种子在其自然栖息地中不能很好地发芽，并且该物种在有价值的代谢物合成方面没有良好的商业地位。因此，已经完成了一种具有改进的植物化学合成的有效快速生长方法。对于使用胚胎作为外植体进行微繁殖的大规模生产，Murashige 和 Skoog (MS) 培养基中添加了 0.2 µM、0.4 µM 和 0.6 µM SNP、3.0 µM 6-苄氨基嘌呤 (BAP) 和 4.0 µM 噻苯隆 (TDZ) 。结果表明，单独使用 0.4 µM SNP 或与 3.0 µM BAP 联合使用足以改善形态特征。此外，通过测量电解质渗漏（EL）和丙二醛（MDA）以及光合色素和类胡萝卜素来检查已建立的克隆的膜稳定性。在几乎所有情况下，当 MS 介质中单独使用 0.4 µM SNP 或与 3.0 µM BAP 结合使用时，都会记录到高值。克隆产生的幼苗还进行了植物化学筛选和抗氧化活性，例如过氧化氢（H ₂ O ₂）、超氧阴离子和2,2-二苯基-1-三硝基苯肼（DPPH）自由基清除活性，其中这些测试还揭示了掺入SNP 表现出增强的植物化学浓度和抗氧化活性。因此，这项研究可用于大规模生产含有大量次生代谢物的体外试管苗，这可能使它们比未经处理的天然试管苗更能抵抗环境挑战。