Naked mole rats (NMRs) are renowned for their exceptional longevity and remarkable maintenance of health throughout their lifetime. Their subterranean lifestyle has led to adaptations that have resulted in elevated levels of a very high molecular weight hyaluronan in their tissues. Hyaluronan, a glycosaminoglycan, is a key component of the extracellular matrix, which plays a critical role in maintaining tissue structure and regulating cell signaling pathways. This phenomenon in NMRs is attributed to a higher processing and production capacity by some of their hyaluronan synthases, along with lower degradation by certain hyaluronidases. Furthermore, this adaptation indirectly confers several advantages to NMRs, such as the preservation of skin elasticity and youthful appearance, accelerated wound healing, protection against oxidative stress, and resistance to conditions such as cancer and arthritis, largely attributable to CD44 signaling and other intricate mechanisms. Thus, the main objective of this study was to conduct a comprehensive study of the distinctive features of NMR hyaluronan, particularly emphasizing the currently known molecular mechanisms that contribute to its beneficial properties. Furthermore, this research delves into the potential applications of NMR hyaluronan in both cosmetic and therapeutic fields, as well as the challenges involved.

裸鼹鼠 (NMR) 因其超长的寿命和一生中出色的健康维护而闻名。他们的地下生活方式导致了适应，导致组织中极高分子量的透明质酸水平升高。透明质酸是一种糖胺聚糖，是细胞外基质的关键成分，在维持组织结构和调节细胞信号通路方面发挥着关键作用。NMR 中的这种现象归因于某些透明质酸合酶，以及某些透明质酸酶的较低降解。此外，这种适应性间接赋予 NMR 多种优势，例如保持皮肤弹性和年轻外观、加速伤口愈合、防止氧化应激以及抵抗癌症和关节炎等疾病，这在很大程度上归因于 CD44 信号传导和其他复杂的机制。因此，本研究的主要目的是对 NMR 透明质酸的独特特征进行全面研究，特别强调目前已知的有助于其有益特性的分子机制。此外，这项研究还深入探讨了 NMR 透明质酸在美容和治疗领域的潜在应用以及所涉及的挑战。