This study aims to determine whether big business or institutions comprise a more significant entrepreneurship determinant. In addition, we have three subobjectives: We examine (1) how the relationship between big businesses and entrepreneurship changes according to the economic development stage; (2) if big businesses affect the two different entrepreneurship types, namely, opportunity- and necessity-driven entrepreneurship, differently; and (3) which institutional factors are effective for these two different entrepreneurship types. To this end, we compare the effects of big businesses and institutions on entrepreneurship among 33 countries covering lower-middle-, upper-middle-, and high-income countries during the 2001–2015 period. Among the various determinants of entrepreneurship, we focus on two key factors that affect entrepreneurship, namely, big businesses and institutions while controlling for the demand- and supply-side factors that influence entrepreneurship. This study conducts fixed-effect estimations. We find that the relationship among entrepreneurship, big businesses, and economic development is “N-shaped.” In particular, there is a positive relationship between big businesses and opportunity-driven entrepreneurship in high-income countries. Moreover, among the various institutional factors, only supportive public policies toward new firms and positive social perceptions toward entrepreneurs are effective for opportunity-driven entrepreneurs, whereas none of the institutional factors are effective for necessity-driven entrepreneurs.

中文翻译：

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大企业和机构在创业中的作用：跨国面板分析

本研究旨在确定大企业或机构是否构成更重要的创业决定因素。此外，我们还有三个子目标：（1）大企业与创业之间的关系如何根据经济发展阶段而变化； （2）大企业对两种不同创业类型（即机会驱动型创业和必要性驱动型创业）的影响是否不同； (3)哪些制度因素对这两种不同的创业类型有效。为此，我们比较了2001年至2015年期间33个国家（涵盖中低收入、中高收入和高收入国家）大企业和机构对创业的影响。在创业的各种决定因素中，我们在控制影响创业的需求方和供给方因素的同时，重点关注影响创业的两个关键因素，即大企业和机构。本研究进行固定效应估计。我们发现，创业、大企业和经济发展之间的关系是“N型”的。特别是，高收入国家的大企业与机会驱动型创业之间存在着积极的关系。此外，在各种制度因素中，只有对新企业的支持性公共政策和对企业家的积极社会认知对机会驱动型企业家有效，而所有制度因素对必需品驱动型企业家都无效。