The dynamic interplay between nuclear and mitochondrial processes plays a pivotal role in cellular homeostasis and disease progression. Exploiting this nuclear-mitochondrial cross-talk has emerged as a promising avenue in the field of theranostics, offering enhanced drug delivery and diagnostic precision for a wide range of medical conditions, particularly cancer. This abstract provides a brief overview of the key concepts and recent advancements in this rapidly evolving field. Recent research has elucidated the significance of mitochondrial dysfunction in various diseases, including cancer. Mitochondria, often referred to as the “powerhouses” of the cell, not only regulate energy production but also contribute to critical processes such as apoptosis, ROS generation, and metabolic signaling. Dysregulation of these mitochondrial functions is frequently associated with disease pathogenesis. In theranostics, the targeted modulation of mitochondrial function holds great promise. Mitochondria-targeted drug delivery systems have been designed to selectively deliver therapeutic agents to these organelles, thereby mitigating mitochondrial dysfunction while minimizing off-target effects. This precise drug delivery enhances the therapeutic efficacy of anticancer drugs and reduces the risk of drug resistance. Moreover, the diagnostic potential of nuclear-mitochondrial cross-talk is being harnessed to develop novel biomarkers and imaging techniques. Mitochondrial DNA mutations and alterations in mitochondrial metabolism serve as valuable indicators of disease progression and drug responsiveness. Non-invasive imaging modalities, such as positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), have been employed to visualize mitochondrial activity and assess therapeutic outcomes.

中文翻译：

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在治疗诊断中利用核线粒体串扰：增强药物输送和诊断精度

核和线粒体过程之间的动态相互作用在细胞稳态和疾病进展中发挥着关键作用。利用这种核线粒体串扰已成为治疗诊断学领域的一个有前途的途径，为各种医疗状况（特别是癌症）提供增强的药物输送和诊断精度。本摘要简要概述了这个快速发展的领域的关键概念和最新进展。最近的研究阐明了线粒体功能障碍在包括癌症在内的各种疾病中的重要性。线粒体通常被称为细胞的“发电站”，不仅调节能量产生，还有助于细胞凋亡、ROS 生成和代谢信号传导等关键过程。这些线粒体功能的失调通常与疾病发病机制有关。在治疗诊断学中，线粒体功能的靶向调节具有广阔的前景。线粒体靶向药物输送系统旨在选择性地将治疗剂输送到这些细胞器，从而减轻线粒体功能障碍，同时最大限度地减少脱靶效应。这种精确的药物输送增强了抗癌药物的治疗效果并降低了耐药性的风险。此外，核线粒体串扰的诊断潜力正在被用来开发新型生物标志物和成像技术。线粒体 DNA 突变和线粒体代谢的改变是疾病进展和药物反应的重要指标。非侵入性成像方式，例如正电子发射断层扫描（PET）和磁共振成像（MRI），已被用来可视化线粒体活动并评估治疗结果。