The mitochondrial carrier system is in charge of small molecule transport between the mitochondria and the cytoplasm as well as being an integral portion of the core mitochondrial function. One member of the mitochondrial carrier family of proteins, mitochondrial carrier homolog 2 (MTCH2), is characterized as a critical mitochondrial outer membrane protein insertase participating in mitochondrial homeostasis. Accumulating evidence demonstrate that MTCH2 is integrally linked to cell death and mitochondrial metabolism, and its genetic alterations cause a variety of disease phenotypes, ranging from obesity, Alzheimer's disease, and tumor. To provide a comprehensive insight into the current understanding of MTCH2, we present a detailed description of the physiopathological functions of MTCH2, ranging from apoptosis, mitochondrial dynamics, and metabolic homeostasis regulation. Moreover, we summarized the impact of MTCH2 in human diseases, and highlighted tumors, to assess the role of MTCH2 mutations or variable expression on pathogenesis and target therapeutic options.

中文翻译：

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线粒体载体同系物2的生物学

线粒体载体系统负责线粒体和细胞质之间的小分子运输，也是线粒体核心功能的组成部分。线粒体载体蛋白家族的一员线粒体载体同源物 2 (MTCH2) 被认为是参与线粒体稳态的关键线粒体外膜蛋白插入酶。越来越多的证据表明，MTCH2 与细胞死亡和线粒体代谢密切相关，其基因改变会导致多种疾病表型，包括肥胖、阿尔茨海默病和肿瘤。为了全面了解目前对 MTCH2 的理解，我们详细描述了 MTCH2 的病理生理功能，包括细胞凋亡、线粒体动力学和代谢稳态调节。此外，我们总结了 MTCH2 在人类疾病中的影响，并重点介绍了肿瘤，以评估 MTCH2 突变或变异表达对发病机制和靶向治疗选择的作用。