Human norovirus is the leading cause of foodborne gastroenteritis worldwide. Due to the low infectious dose of noroviruses, sensitive methodologies are required to detect and characterize small numbers of viral particles that are found in contaminated foods. The ISO 15216 method, which is internationally recognized for detection of foodborne viruses from high-risk food commodities, is based on viral precipitation, followed by RNA extraction and identification of the viral genome by RT-PCR. Although the ISO 15216 method is efficient, it is time consuming and tedious, does not report on the viral infectivity, and is sensitive to the presence of RT-PCR inhibitors. Norovirus capture by the porcine gastric mucin conjugated magnetic beads (PGM-MB) was developed as an alternative virus recovery method. It relies on the integrity of the viral capsid being able to bind to PGM. PGM contains a variety of histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) that act as norovirus receptors. Therefore, the PGM-MB method allows for extraction of noroviruses, with potentially intact viral capsids, from complex food matrices. The viral genome can then be released through heat-shock of the captured virus. For this reason, we performed a parallel comparison between the ISO 15216 method and the PGM-MB method in isolation and quantification of noroviruses from frozen raspberries. We have demonstrated that the efficiency of the PGM-MB method in extraction of murine norovirus (MNV) and human norovirus GII.4 from raspberries is equal or better than the ISO 15216 method, while the PGM-MB has fewer steps and shorter turnaround time. Moreover, the PGM-MB method is more efficient in removing the inhibitors prior to RT-PCR analysis.

人类诺如病毒是全世界食源性胃肠炎的主要原因。由于诺如病毒的感染剂量较低，因此需要灵敏的方法来检测和表征受污染食品中发现的少量病毒颗粒。ISO 15216 方法是国际公认的高风险食品中食源性病毒检测方法，该方法基于病毒沉淀，然后提取 RNA 并通过 RT-PCR 鉴定病毒基因组。尽管 ISO 15216 方法有效，但耗时且繁琐，不报告病毒感染性，并且对 RT-PCR 抑制剂的存在敏感。通过猪胃粘蛋白结合磁珠 (PGM-MB) 捕获诺如病毒被开发为一种替代病毒回收方法。它依赖于能够与 PGM 结合的病毒衣壳的完整性。PGM 含有多种充当诺如病毒受体的组织血型抗原 (HBGA)。因此，PGM-MB 方法可以从复杂的食品基质中提取诺如病毒，并具有可能完整的病毒衣壳。然后可以通过捕获病毒的热休克来释放病毒基因组。为此，我们在冷冻树莓中分离和定量诺如病毒时，对 ISO 15216 方法和 PGM-MB 方法进行了平行比较。我们已经证明，PGM-MB 方法从覆盆子中提取鼠诺如病毒 (MNV) 和人诺如病毒 GII.4 的效率等于或优于 ISO 15216 方法，而 PGM-MB 的步骤更少，周转时间更短。此外，PGM-MB 方法在 RT-PCR 分析之前可以更有效地去除抑制剂。