Through a systematic review and meta-analysis of research on individual health and well-being outcomes this paper examines the consequences of witnessing, and thereby being a bystander to, workplace bullying. The review was limited to peer-reviewed primary observational studies with cross-sectional or prospective research design which included findings on outcomes among witnesses to bullying. The review identified 24 relevant studies from 13 countries. Eighty-eight percent of the studies were published from 2010 and onwards. Most studies used cross-sectional single source data from non-probability samples, mainly comprising female respondents from Western countries. Although cross-sectional findings indicated significant associations between witnessing bullying and outcomes such as mental health, job dissatisfaction, and turnover intent, the review show that we need to consider reverse causation, the witness's own exposure to bullying, their proximity and identification with the target, as well as their helping behavior, to understand the true magnitude of the association. Witnessing and being a bystander to bullying is a complex phenomenon and the magnitude of the outcomes relies on a range of third variables and indirect relationships. There is a need for more research to fully understand the consequences of witnessing bullying in the workplace.

中文翻译：

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目睹工作场所欺凌行为——对个人健康和福祉结果的系统回顾和荟萃分析

通过对个人健康和福祉结果研究的系统回顾和荟萃分析，本文探讨了目睹并成为职场欺凌旁观者的后果。该审查仅限于具有横断面或前瞻性研究设计的同行评审的主要观察性研究，其中包括欺凌目击者结果的调查结果。审查确定了来自 13 个国家的 24 项相关研究。 88% 的研究是 2010 年及以后发表的。大多数研究使用来自非概率样本的横截面单一来源数据，主要包括来自西方国家的女性受访者。尽管横断面研究结果表明，目击欺凌行为与心理健康、工作不满和离职意向等结果之间存在显着关联，但审查表明，我们需要考虑反向因果关系、目击者自己遭受欺凌的情况、他们与目标的接近度和认同度。以及他们的帮助行为，以了解协会的真正规模。目睹并成为欺凌行为的旁观者是一个复杂的现象，其结果的严重程度取决于一系列第三变量和间接关系。需要进行更多研究，以充分了解目睹工作场所欺凌行为的后果。