One of the most dangerous types of pollution to the environment is oily wastewater, which is produced from a number of industrial sources and can cause damage to the environment, people, and creatures. To overcome this issue, membrane technology as an advanced method has been considered for treating oily wastewater due to its stability, high removal efficiency, and simplicity in scaling up. Membrane fouling, or the accumulation of oil droplets at or within the membrane pores, compromises the efficiency of membrane separation and water flux. In the last decade, the fabrication of membranes with specific wettability to reduce fouling has received much consideration. The purpose of this article is to offer a literature overview of all fabricated anti-fouling super(wetting and anti-wetting) membranes for applicable membrane processes for the separation of immiscible and emulsified oil/water mixtures. In this review, we first explain membrane fouling and discuss methods for preventing it. Afterwards, in all membrane separation processes, including pressure-driven, gravity-driven, and thermal-driven, membranes based on the form and density of oil are categorized as oil-removing or water-removing with special wettability, and then their wettability modification with different materials is particularly discussed. Finally, the prospect of anti-fouling membrane fabrication in the future is presented.

对环境最危险的污染类型之一是含油废水，它由许多工业来源产生，会对环境、人类和生物造成损害。为了克服这个问题，膜技术作为一种先进的方法，由于其稳定性、去除效率高且易于放大，被认为是处理含油废水的一种先进方法。膜污染或油滴在膜孔处或膜孔内的积聚会损害膜分离的效率和水通量。在过去的十年中，制造具有特定润湿性的膜以减少污染受到了广泛的关注。本文的目的是提供所有制造的防污超级（润湿和抗润湿）膜的文献概述，这些膜适用于分离不混溶和乳化的油/水混合物的适用膜工艺。在这篇综述中，我们首先解释膜污染并讨论预防方法。之后，在所有膜分离过程中，包括压力驱动、重力驱动和热驱动，根据油的形态和密度将膜分为具有特殊润湿性的除油或除水，然后对其润湿性进行改性特别讨论了不同材料的情况。最后对防污膜制备的未来进行了展望。