Candidate drugs targeting the central nervous system (CNS) demonstrate extremely low clinical success rates, with more than 98% of potential treatments being discontinued due to poor blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Neurological conditions were shown to be the second leading cause of death globally in 2016, with the number of people currently affected by neurological disorders increasing rapidly. This increasing trend, along with an inability to develop BBB permeating drugs, is presenting a major hurdle in the treatment of CNS-related disorders, like dementia. To overcome this, it is necessary to understand the structure and function of the BBB, including the transport of molecules across its interface in both healthy and pathological conditions. The use of CNS drug carriers is rapidly gaining popularity in CNS research due to their ability to target BBB transport systems. Further research and development of drug delivery vehicles could provide essential information that can be used to develop novel treatments for neurological conditions. This review discusses the BBB and its transport systems and evaluates the potential of using nanoparticle-based delivery systems as drug carriers for CNS disease with a focus on dementia.

中文翻译：

---

痴呆症中的血脑屏障破坏：纳米解决方案作为新的治疗选择

针对中枢神经系统 (CNS) 的候选药物表现出极低的临床成功率，超过 98% 的潜在治疗由于血脑屏障 (BBB) 通透性差而停止。 2016 年，神经系统疾病被证明是全球第二大死亡原因，目前受神经系统疾病影响的人数迅速增加。这种不断增长的趋势，加上无法开发血脑屏障渗透药物，给痴呆症等中枢神经系统相关疾病的治疗带来了主要障碍。为了克服这个问题，有必要了解血脑屏障的结构和功能，包括在健康和病理条件下分子穿过其界面的运输。由于中枢神经系统药物载体能够靶向血脑屏障运输系统，中枢神经系统药物载体的使用在中枢神经系统研究中迅速普及。药物输送载体的进一步研究和开发可以提供重要信息，可用于开发神经系统疾病的新疗法。这篇综述讨论了血脑屏障及其运输系统，并评估了使用基于纳米粒子的递送系统作为中枢神经系统疾病（重点是痴呆症）药物载体的潜力。