The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) has multifarious action with its target genes having redox-regulating functions and being involved in inflammation control, proteostasis, autophagy, and metabolic pathways. Therefore, the genes controlled by NRF2 are involved in the pathogenesis of myriad diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune disorders, and cancer. Amidst this large array of diseases, diabetic neuropathy (DN) occurs in half of patients diagnosed with diabetes and appears as an injury inflicted upon peripheral and autonomic nervous systems. As a complex effector factor, NRF2 has entered the spotlight during the search of new biomarkers and/or new therapy targets in DN. Due to the growing attention for NRF2 as a modulating factor in several diseases, including DN, this paper aims to update the recently discovered regulatory pathways of NRF2 in oxidative stress, inflammation and immunity. It presents the animal models that further facilitated the human studies in regard to NRF2 modulation and the possibilities of using NRF2 as DN biomarker and/or as target therapy.

中文翻译：

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糖尿病神经病变：一种 NRF2 疾病？

转录因子核因子红细胞2相关因子2（NRF2）具有多种作用，其靶基因具有氧化还原调节功能，并参与炎症控制、蛋白质稳态、自噬和代谢途径。因此，NRF2控制的基因参与多种疾病的发病机制，例如心血管疾病、代谢综合征、神经退行性疾病、自身免疫性疾病和癌症。在众多疾病中，一半被诊断为糖尿病的患者会出现糖尿病性神经病变 (DN)，表现为周围神经和自主神经系统受到损伤。作为一种复杂的效应因子，NRF2 在寻找 DN 新生物标志物和/或新治疗靶点过程中已成为人们关注的焦点。由于NRF2作为包括DN在内的多种疾病的调节因子受到越来越多的关注，本文旨在更新最近发现的NRF2在氧化应激、炎症和免疫中的调节途径。它提出的动物模型进一步促进了有关 NRF2 调节的人类研究以及使用 NRF2 作为 DN 生物标志物和/或靶向治疗的可能性。