Franz Josef Land (FJL) is a remote archipelago that has become more accessible for large-scale studies due to recent warming. This paper summarizes recent survey findings on oceanography, climate, plankton, and benthic communities conducted in FJL. Cold Arctic waters predominantly affect FJL, but an increased inflow of warmer Atlantic water has been observed in recent decades. The bacterioplankton in FJL is mainly comprised of ultra-small bacterial cells, which make up to 60% of the biomass. Phytoplankton are predominantly composed of cells smaller than 20 μm, with the greatest concentrations found above the pycnocline. The population of larger microalgae ranges from 4.5 to 1250 thousand cells L⁻¹, with dinoflagellates occupying the euphotic zone, Dinobryon being the most abundant species in the thermocline, and spore-bearing cells of Chaetoceros diatoms dominating in the deepest region. Summer zooplankton comprise large Calanus copepods, smaller copepods, and meroplankton, with an average dry biomass of 114–391 mg m⁻³. The community structure varies mainly based on water temperature and phytoplankton density, with greater biomasses found in colder offshore waters. August represents the breeding season for plankton populations. The local benthic fauna is diverse and displays high species abundance (3370 ind. m⁻²) and wet biomass (428 g m⁻²). There is a distinct vertical stratification in the benthic community structure, evidenced by a consistent decline in both abundance and biomass with increasing depth. The trophic structure is predominantly influenced by food availability, sediments, and currents. The trend of borealization in the Barents Sea biota is supported by recent distribution records of certain boreal benthic species and increased abundances of typical Atlantic zooplankton species. The results of our study establish a foundational dataset to aid in ongoing scientific inquiry, preservation efforts, and strategic decision-making with regards to the natural resources of the FJL region.

法兰士约瑟夫地群岛 (FJL) 是一个偏远群岛，由于最近气候变暖，更容易进行大规模研究。本文总结了最近在福建湖进行的海洋学、气候、浮游生物和底栖生物群落的调查结果。寒冷的北极水域主要影响 FJL，但近几十年来观察到温暖的大西洋海水流入量有所增加。FJL的浮游细菌主要由超小细菌细胞组成，占生物量的60%。浮游植物主要由小于 20 μm 的细胞组成，在比重斜线上方发现浓度最高。较大微藻的数量范围为4.5至125万个细胞L^-1，其中甲藻占据了透光层，甲藻是温跃层中最丰富的物种，而角毛藻的孢子细胞在最深处占主导地位。夏季浮游动物包括大型桡足类、小型桡足类和小型浮游动物，平均干生物量为114–391 mg m^-3。群落结构主要根据水温和浮游植物密度而变化，在较冷的近海水域发现了更多的生物量。八月代表浮游生物种群的繁殖季节。当地的底栖动物群多样化，物种丰富度高（3370 ind. m^-2）和湿生物量（428 g m^-2）。底栖群落结构存在明显的垂直分层，丰度和生物量随着深度的增加而持续下降就证明了这一点。营养结构主要受食物供应、沉积物和水流的影响。某些北方底栖物种的最新分布记录和典型大西洋浮游动物物种丰度的增加支持了巴伦支海生物群的北方化趋势。我们的研究结果建立了一个基础数据集，以帮助对FJL 地区自然资源进行持续的科学探究、保护工作和战略决策。