Solanum lycopersicum Linn. (Tomato, Family Solanaceae) is one of the fruits that are most consumed worldwide. The current research intends to emphasise the possibility of positive and therapeutic effects of S. lycopersicum seed extract (SLSE) on Alzheimer's disease's neurodegeneration effects being reversed in a study utilising rats exposed to aluminium chloride. Investigations were done on the cholinesterase and antioxidant in vitro activity of SLSE. Rats with Alzheimer's disease were given SLSE, and donepezil (500, and 10 mg/kg.b.wt., daily for six weeks, respectively) to test SLSE biological activity. Beam-balance and T-maze tests, as well as serum levels of AChE, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, IL-6, glycated end product, BDNF, MDA, TAC, and GSH were assessed, accompanied with histological investigation. To impact the effectiveness of this extract, bioinformatics study was validated. Crude SLSE showed in vitro DPPH scavenging and AChE inhibition activities, indicating the extract might have anti-Alzheimer potential, which was validated using an aluminium-intoxicated rat model, in vivo. In Alzheimer's rats, in vivo studies showed considerable improvements, as seen by improved beam balance, and T-maze tests and decreased serum levels of AChE, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, IL-6, glycated end product, BDNF, and MDA, with increasing in TAC, and GSH levels. Brain tissue histological tests revealed a largely typical pattern of collagen fibre distribution. LC–HRESIMS metabolomic profiling of crude SLSE identified 33 compounds. Furthermore, the bioinformatics study discovered 378 targets related to the major identified compounds, of which only 133 were related to Alzheimer's and memory disorders, with APP, AChE, and PSEN2 targets which were marked as the top genes. Gene enrichment analysis identified the arachidonic acid metabolism and PPAR signalling pathway as the biological pathways enriched by all the gene sets under investigation. As a result, the study findings are expected to pave the way for the creation of dietary supplements for Alzheimer's disease management.

中文翻译：

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番茄种子的抗阿尔茨海默病潜力：体外、体内、代谢组学和计算研究

番茄 (Solanum lycopersicum Linn)。（番茄，茄科）是全世界消费最多的水果之一。目前的研究旨在强调番茄种子提取物 (SLSE) 对阿尔茨海默病神经退行性病变的积极和治疗作用的可能性，该作用在一项利用暴露于氯化铝的大鼠的研究中被逆转。对 SLSE 的胆碱酯酶和抗氧化活性进行了体外研究。患有阿尔茨海默病的大鼠被给予 SLSE 和多奈哌齐（分别为 500 和 10 mg/kg.b.wt.，每天 6 周）以测试 SLSE 生物活性。评估梁平衡和T迷宫测试，以及AChE、去甲肾上腺素、多巴胺、血清素、IL-6、糖化终产物、BDNF、MDA、TAC和GSH的血清水平，并进行组织学研究。为了影响该提取物的有效性，验证了生物信息学研究。SLSE 粗品在体外表现出 DPPH 清除和 AChE 抑制活性，表明该提取物可能具有抗阿尔茨海默氏症的潜力，这一点在体内使用铝中毒大鼠模型进行了验证。在阿尔茨海默氏症大鼠中，体内研究显示出显着的改善，如梁平衡和 T 迷宫测试的改善以及乙酰胆碱酯酶 (AChE)、去甲肾上腺素、多巴胺、血清素、IL-6、糖化终产物、BDNF 和 MDA 的血清水平降低。 TAC 和 GSH 水平增加。脑组织组织学测试揭示了胶原纤维分布的典型模式。粗 SLSE 的 LC-HRESIMS 代谢组学分析鉴定出 33 种化合物。此外，生物信息学研究发现了378个与主要已识别化合物相关的靶点，其中只有133个与阿尔茨海默病和记忆障碍相关，其中APP、AChE和PSEN2靶点被标记为顶级基因。基因富集分析确定花生四烯酸代谢和 PPAR 信号通路是所有所研究基因集富集的生物通路。因此，该研究结果有望为开发用于治疗阿尔茨海默病的膳食补充剂铺平道路。