This study was on the use of the market definition paradigm (MDP) to track ageing and temperature effects in lithium–ion cells. This was with a view to using the technique to obtain a sequence of equilibrium voltages from readily available datasets in order to profile the effects of ageing and temperature on cells and batteries. The method employed involved using the MDP with its capability to obtain a sequence of equilibrium voltages for lithium-ion cells. This approach integrated radio incidence with radio geometry, transmission and emergence in a simplified form of the cell’s equilibrium voltage (and amperage). A standard dataset was obtained from the centre for advanced life cycle engineering repository. The data were processed and analysed using Coulomb counting, charging and discharging energy comparison methods on Python 3.8 programming tool and LibreOffice spreadsheet software. Results obtained show a close tracking of ageing and temperature phenomena in the cells studied. A respective maximum and minimum equilibrium voltages of 3.23 V and 3.10 V over two thousand (2000) cycles were similarly obtained for ageing and temperature investigations. The equilibrium voltage shows a downward trend as the battery ages and is more reliable for studies on these cells than the open circuit voltage traditionally used to track phenomena in such cells. In conclusion, typical lithium-ion cells can be classified at begin-of-life using the equilibrium voltage and useful predictions made with respect to end-of-life. This approach is relatively inexpensive, requiring fewer data points and low-cost hardware and extensible to online applications.

中文翻译：

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锂离子电池老化和温度的市场定义范式平衡电压分析

这项研究是关于使用市场定义范式（MDP）来跟踪锂离子电池的老化和温度影响。这样做的目的是使用该技术从现有的数据集中获得一系列平衡电压，以分析老化和温度对电池和电池组的影响。所采用的方法涉及使用 MDP 来获得锂离子电池的一系列平衡电压。这种方法以电池平衡电压（和安培数）的简化形式将无线电入射与无线电几何、传输和出现集成在一起。标准数据集是从高级生命周期工程存储库中心获得的。在Python 3.8编程工具和LibreOffice电子表格软件上使用库仑计数、充放电能量比较方法对数据进行处理和分析。获得的结果显示了对所研究细胞的老化和温度现象的密切跟踪。在两千 (2000) 个循环中，类似地获得了分别为 3.23 V 和 3.10 V 的最大和最小平衡电压，用于老化和温度研究。随着电池老化，平衡电压呈现下降趋势，并且对于研究这些电池而言比传统上用于跟踪此类电池现象的开路电压更可靠。总之，典型的锂离子电池可以在寿命开始时使用平衡电压和对寿命结束时所做的有用预测进行分类。这种方法相对便宜，需要较少的数据点和低成本的硬件，并且可以扩展到在线应用程序。