Adipose tissue metabolism may be impaired in patients with cancer. In particular, increased lipolysis was described in cancer-promoting adipose tissue atrophy. For this reason, we assessed the expression of the lipolysis-associated genes and proteins in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of gastrointestinal (GI) cancer patients compared to controls to verify their involvement in cancer, among different types of GI cancers, and in cachexia. We considered patients with GI cancer (gastric, pancreatic, and colorectal) at their first diagnosis, with/without cachexia, and controls with benign diseases. We collected SAT and total RNA was extracted and ATGL, HSL, PPARα, and MCP1 were analyzed by qRT-PCR. Western blot was performed to evaluate CGI-58, PLIN1 and PLIN5. We found higher expression of ATGL and HSL in GI cancer patients with respect to controls (p ≤ 0.008) and a trend of increase for PPARα (p = 0.055). We found an upregulation of ATGL in GI cancer patients with cachexia (p = 0.033) and without cachexia (p = 0.017) vs controls. HSL was higher in patients with cachexia (p = 0.020) and without cachexia (p = 0.021), compared to controls. ATGL was upregulated in gastric cancer vs controls (p = 0.014) and higher HSL was found in gastric (p = 0.008) and in pancreatic cancer (p = 0.033) vs controls. At the protein level, we found higher CGI-58 in cancer vs controls (p = 0.019) and in cachectic vs controls (p = 0.029), as well as in gastric cancer vs controls (p = 0.027). In our cohort of GI cancer patients, we found a modulation in the expression of genes and proteins involved in lipolysis, and differences were interestingly detected according to cancer type.

中文翻译：

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胃肠道癌症患者脂肪组织中脂肪分解生物标志物的评估

癌症患者的脂肪组织代谢可能受损。特别是，脂肪分解增加导致癌症促进的脂肪组织萎缩。因此，我们评估了胃肠道 (GI) 癌症患者皮下脂肪组织 (SAT) 中脂肪分解相关基因和蛋白质的表达情况，并与对照组进行比较，以验证他们与癌症、不同类型胃肠道癌症以及恶病质的关系。 。我们考虑了首次诊断时患有胃肠道癌症（胃癌、胰腺癌和结直肠癌）的患者（伴有/不伴有恶病质）以及患有良性疾病的对照患者。我们收集 SAT 并提取总 RNA，并通过 qRT-PCR 分析 ATGL、HSL、PPARα 和 MCP1。进行蛋白质印迹来评估 CGI-58、PLIN1 和 PLIN5。我们发现，与对照组相比，胃肠道癌症患者 ATGL 和 HSL 的表达较高（p ≤ 0.008），并且 PPARα 呈增加趋势（p = 0.055）。我们发现，与对照组相比，患有恶病质（p = 0.033）和不患有恶病质（p = 0.017）的胃肠道癌症患者中 ATGL 上调。与对照组相比，恶病质患者 (p = 0.020) 和无恶病质患者 (p = 0.021) 的 HSL 较高。与对照组相比，胃癌中 ATGL 表达上调 (p = 0.014)，并且与对照组相比，胃癌 (p = 0.008) 和胰腺癌 (p = 0.033) 中 HSL 更高。在蛋白质水平上，我们发现癌症中的 CGI-58 高于对照组 (p = 0.019)、恶病质中的 CGI-58 高于对照组 (p = 0.029)，以及胃癌中的 CGI-58 高于对照组 (p = 0.027)。在我们的胃肠道癌症患者队列中，我们发现参与脂肪分解的基因和蛋白质的表达存在调节，并且根据癌症类型检测到了有趣的差异。