Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of brown fishmeal in replacement of white fishmeal in the diet of Chinese soft-shelled turtles and to find the optimal amount of brown fishmeal to add. Five experimental groups were set up and fed to animals, and they were composed by different proportions of white and brown fishmeal: G1 (30% white and 25% brown fishmeal), G2 (25% white and 30% brown fishmeal), G3 (20% white and 35% brown fishmeal), G4 (15% white and 40% brown fishmeal), G5 (10% white and 45% brown fishmeal). G1 is regarded as the control group. Turtles were randomly divided into five experimental groups with four replicates each. The experiment lasted 72 days. The results showed that the WGR, SGR, FCR, and HSI of the G3 group were not significantly different from those of the control group (P > 0.05). In addition, brown fishmeal can increase the crude protein content in the muscles of them. Among the serum biochemical indices, there was no significant difference between the G3 group and the G1 group, except for the level of TG (P > 0.05). Meanwhile, the activities of AST, ALT, and CAT in the liver of the G3 group did not differ significantly from those of the G1 group (P > 0.05). However, the activities of ACP, AKP, and T-AOC were significantly decreased in the G3 group (P < 0.05). In addition, the alteration of fishmeal did not affect the digestive enzyme activities in the stomach, liver, and intestine, and there is no significant difference (P > 0.05). Importantly, with increasing brown fishmeal addition, the expression of Fas, Pparγ, Scd, and Stat3 showed a significant increase, while the expression of Bmp4 decreased significantly (P < 0.05). In this study, the addition of 20% white fishmeal and 35% brown fishmeal to the diet of Chinese soft-shelled turtles did not adversely affect growth performance. Therefore, 20% white fishmeal and 35% brown fishmeal are the most practical feed formulations for Chinese soft-shelled turtles in this study.

中文翻译：

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棕色鱼粉对中华鳖生长性能、消化率和脂质代谢的影响

摘要

本研究的目的是评估在中华鳖饲料中棕色鱼粉替代白色鱼粉的效果，并找出棕色鱼粉的最佳添加量。设立5个实验组，分别由不同比例的白色和棕色鱼粉组成：G1（30%白色和25%棕色鱼粉）、G2（25%白色和30%棕色鱼粉）、G3（25%白色和30%棕色鱼粉）。 20%白色和35%棕色鱼粉）、G4（15%白色和40%棕色鱼粉）、G5（10%白色和45%棕色鱼粉）。G1作为对照组。海龟被随机分为五个实验组，每个实验组有四个重复。实验持续了72天。结果显示，G3组WGR、SGR、FCR、HSI与对照组比较差异均无统计学意义（P  >0.05）。此外，棕色鱼粉还能增加其肌肉中粗蛋白的含量。血清生化指标中，除 TG 水平外，G3 组与 G1 组比较，差异均无统计学意义（P  > 0.05）。同时，G3 组肝脏 AST、ALT、CAT 活性与 G1 组差异无统计学意义（P  > 0.05）。G3 组 ACP、AKP 和 T-AOC 活性显着降低（P  < 0.05）。此外，鱼粉的改变对胃、肝、肠消化酶活性没有影响，且差异不显着（P  >0.05）。重要的是，随着棕色鱼粉添加量的增加，Fas、Pparγ、Scd和Stat3的表达量显着增加，而Bmp4的表达量显着下降（P  < 0.05）。在这项研究中，在中华鳖的日粮中添加20%白鱼粉和35%棕色鱼粉并没有对生长性能产生不利影响。因此，20%白鱼粉和35%褐鱼粉是本研究中中华鳖最实用的饲料配方。