In the context of rising energy demand, environmental degradation, and resource scarcity in G7 countries, the prime objective of this research is to explore the role of green innovation technologies, economic progress, and urbanization in energy demand. The long-standing relationship between green innovation technologies, urbanization, trade, and G7 countries from 1990 to 2020 was analyzed using the Kao and Pedroni cointegration test, panel causality, and dynamic and fully modified ordinary least squares methods. Empirical findings suggest that trade, gross domestic product per capita, and urbanization enhance energy demand, whereas environmental technology reduces energy consumption. The econometric results support promoting environmental technologies (“smart technology,” renewable energy, carbon dioxide removal, and electric vehicles) as policy tools to reduce energy demand and achieve sustainable development goals related to clean energy, a pollution-free climate, and green growth. Moreover, an energy conservation policy is recommended to ensure efficient energy use in G7 countries. In addition, novel implications in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG-7, 13) are discussed.

中文翻译：

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绿色创新技术和城市化增长对能源需求的作用：来自七国集团国家的背景证据

在七国集团国家能源需求上升、环境恶化和资源稀缺的背景下，本研究的首要目标是探讨绿色创新技术、经济进步和城市化在能源需求中的作用。使用 Kao 和 Pedroni 协整检验、面板因果关系以及动态和完全修改的普通最小二乘法，分析了 1990 年至 2020 年绿色创新技术、城市化、贸易和 G7 国家之间的长期关系。实证研究结果表明，贸易、人均国内生产总值和城市化增加了能源需求，而环境技术则减少了能源消耗。计量经济学结果支持推广环境技术（“智能技术”、可再生能源、二氧化碳去除和电动汽车）作为政策工具，以减少能源需求并实现与清洁能源、无污染气候和绿色增长相关的可持续发展目标。此外，建议制定节能政策，以确保七国集团国家有效利用能源。此外，还讨论了可持续发展目标（SDG-7、13）背景下的新含义。