Food insecurity affects an estimated 691–783 million people globally and is disproportionately high in Africa and Asia and arising from poverty, armed conflict, and climate change, among other demographic and globalization forces. This review summarizes evidence for policies and practices across five elements of the agrifood system framework and identifies gaps that inform an agenda for future research. Under availability , imbalanced agriculture policies protect primarily staple food producers, and there is limited evidence on food security impacts for smallholder and women food producers. Evidence supports the use of cash transfers and food aid for affordability and school feeding for multiple benefits. Food-based dietary guidelines can improve the nutritional quality of dietary patterns, yet they may not reflect the latest evidence or food supplies. Evidence from the newer food environment elements, promotion and sustainability, while relatively minimal, provides insight into achieving long-term impacts. To eliminate hunger, our global community should embrace integrated approaches and bring evidence-based policies and practices to scale.Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Public Health, Volume 45 is April 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

中文翻译：

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解决全球粮食不安全问题的政策和实践证据

据估计，全球有 691-7.83 亿人受到粮食不安全的影响，其中非洲和亚洲的粮食不安全问题尤为严重，其根源是贫困、武装冲突、气候变化以及其他人口和全球化因素。本次审查总结了农业食品系统框架五个要素的政策和实践证据，并确定了为未来研究议程提供信息的差距。在供应情况下，不平衡的农业政策主要保护主粮生产者，而关于粮食安全对小农和女性粮食生产者影响的证据有限。有证据支持使用现金转移和粮食援助来提高负担能力，并使用学校供餐来获得多重好处。以食物为基础的膳食指南可以改善膳食模式的营养质量，但它们可能无法反映最新的证据或食物供应。来自新食品环境要素、促进和可持续性的证据虽然相对较少，但提供了实现长期影响的见解。为了消除饥饿，我们的国际社会应采用综合方法，并扩大基于证据的政策和实践。《公共卫生年度回顾》第 45 卷的预计最终在线发布日期为 2024 年 4 月。请参阅 http://www.annualreviews .org/page/journal/pubdates 了解修订后的估计。