Anthropogenic activities are increasing fluoride concentration in watercourses. The present study focuses on the sublethal toxicity of sodium fluoride during sub-chronic and chronic time periods in the freshwater fish Anabas testudineus. The 96-hour LC₅₀ value for fluoride was found to be 616.50 mg/L. Excessive mucous production and hyper excitability, followed by loss of balance, were seen in fish under acute fluoride exposure. Significant reduction in yield and specific growth rate of fish were assessed at 15, 30 and 45-days exposure intervals. Different bio-indicators like Hepatosomatic-index, Gonadosomatic-index and fecundity were reduced significantly in fish exposed to 10% (61.6 mg/L) and 20% (123.2 mg/L) of 96 h of LC₅₀ values of fluoride in comparison to control. Toxicant concentrations directly correlated with parameter lowering. Fluoride exposure increased plasma glucose, creatinine, AST, and ALT and reduced total RBC, haemoglobin content, Hct (%), plasma protein, and cholesterol. Moreover, fluoride exposure significantly reduces the mitochondrial membrane potential in liver. This may result in metabolic depression, haematological, biochemical, and enzymological stress. The in-silico structural analysis predicts that fluoride may impede cytochrome c oxidase of the electron transport system, hence inhibiting mitochondrial functionality. These findings collectively highlight the urgent need for stringent regulation and monitoring of fluoride levels in freshwater ecosystems, as the subchronic and chronic effects observed in A. testudineus may have broader implications for aquatic ecosystems.

人类活动正在增加水道中的氟化物浓度。本研究的重点是氟化钠在亚慢性和慢性时期对淡水鱼Anabas testudineus的亚致死毒性。氟化物的96 小时 LC ₅₀值为 616.50 mg/L。急性氟化物暴露下的鱼类会出现粘液分泌过多和过度兴奋，然后失去平衡。在 15 天、30 天和 45 天的暴露间隔后，评估了鱼类产量和特定生长率的显着降低。_{与暴露于 10% (61.6 mg/L) 和 20% (123.2 mg/L) 96 小时 LC 50}值氟化物的鱼相比，不同生物指标如肝体指数、性腺指数和繁殖力显着降低。控制。有毒物浓度与参数降低直接相关。氟化物暴露会增加血浆葡萄糖、肌酐、AST和 ALT ，并降低总红细胞、血红蛋白含量、Hct (%)、血浆蛋白和胆固醇。此外，氟化物暴露显着降低了肝脏中的线粒体膜电位。这可能导致代谢抑制、血液学、生化和酶学应激。计算机结构分析预测氟化物可能会阻碍电子传递系统的细胞色素c氧化酶，从而抑制线粒体功能。这些发现共同强调了对淡水生态系统中氟化物水平进行严格监管和监测的迫切需要，因为在A. testudineus中观察到的亚慢性和慢性影响可能对水生生态系统产生更广泛的影响。