Fluoroscopy has become essential to urological surgery since advancement of endourology. Fluoroscopy use has increased, placing urologists as well as staff members at risk for occupational radiation exposure and related dangers. This study compared radiation exposure for staff personnel in percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), ureteroscopy (URS) and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). Then, study determined the maximum number of PCNL, URS and ESWL cases that staff members can handle safely each year. Radiation exposure in PCNL group was higher than URS and ESWL especially for surgeon. Dose of radiation exposure in ESWL for surgeon, assistant and nurse was 2.4 microsievert (μSv), 0.9 μSv and 0.8 μSv, respectively. Dose of radiation exposure in URS for surgeon, assistant and nurse was 18.5 μSv, 14.3 μSv and 13.1 μSv, respectively. Dose of radiation exposure in PCNL for surgeon, assistant and nurse was 73 μSv, 51.3 μSv and 47.6 μSv, respectively. Increased stone size and increased fluoroscopy time were associated with high radiation exposure. PCNL procedure was 8.8 times more likely to exhibit high-dose exposure than other procedures. Urologists can perform: 274 PCNL case, 1081 URS case and 8333 ESWL case per year within safe radiation exposure limits advised by International Commission on Radiation Protection (ICRP).

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常见泌尿外科手术中辐射暴露的比较研究

随着腔内泌尿外科的进步，荧光镜检查已成为泌尿外科手术的重要组成部分。透视检查的使用有所增加，使泌尿科医生和工作人员面临职业辐射暴露和相关危险的风险。本研究比较了经皮肾镜取石术 (PCNL)、输尿管镜检查 (URS) 和体外冲击波碎石术 (ESWL) 中工作人员的辐射暴露情况。然后，研究确定了工作人员每年可以安全处理的 PCNL、URS 和 ESWL 病例的最大数量。PCNL组的辐射暴露高于URS和ESWL，尤其是对于外科医生而言。外科医生、助理和护士ESWL中的辐射剂量分别为2.4微西弗(μSv)、0.9μSv和0.8μSv。URS中外科医生、助理和护士的辐射剂量分别为18.5μSv、14.3μSv和13.1μSv。PCNL中外科医生、助理和护士的辐射剂量分别为73μSv、51.3μSv和47.6μSv。结石尺寸的增加和透视时间的增加与高辐射暴露有关。PCNL 手术出现高剂量暴露的可能性是其他手术的 8.8 倍。泌尿科医生每年可以在国际辐射防护委员会 (ICRP) 建议的安全辐射暴露限度内执行 274 例 PCNL 病例、1081 例 URS 病例和 8333 例 ESWL 病例。