The aflaj system in Oman is an ancient irrigation network that delivers water supply to the local population, using gravity transport from the aflaj’s water sources. Ensuring the sustainability of these water sources is crucial, and a thorough understanding of recharge and hydrodynamic relationships among different aflaj is necessary for future planning and development. Major chemical and isotope compositions, including ²H, ¹⁸O, and Sr, are used in this study to identify the sources of water in different aflaj systems and explore connectivity among the various hydrologic systems. The investigation covers a 38,325-km² area in northern Oman, focusing on springs (ainy aflaj), groundwater collection channels (daoodi aflaj), and surface-water collectors (ghaili aflaj). The primary aquifers in the region include Hajar Super Group (HSG), Ophiolite, Tertiary, Alluvium, and Hawasina. The chemistry of aflaj waters is mainly controlled by evaporation and weathering processes. The ²H vs ¹⁸O data display a slope of 5.04, indicating the influence of evaporation. Analyzing the ²H vs ¹⁸O data reveals two groups of springs: one group is recharged from the HSG and Hawasina aquifers, while the other is recharged from HSG and Ophiolite. Daoodi aflaj, on the other hand, are primarily recharged from HSG and Ophiolite, with some contribution from Hawasina. The Mg/Ca ratio exhibits a connection between waters from Hawasina and both HSG and Ophiolite, indicating their hydraulic connectivity. This study suggests that all aflaj receive water contributions from at least two aquifer units, with HSG being the primary source of recharge before connecting with other aquifers.

阿曼的阿弗拉吉系统是一个古老的灌溉网络，利用阿弗拉吉水源的重力输送向当地居民供水。确保这些水源的可持续性至关重要，全面了解不同水源之间的补给和水动力关系对于未来的规划和开发至关重要。本研究使用主要化学和同位素成分（包括² H、¹⁸ O 和 Sr）来识别不同 aflaj 系统中的水源，并探索不同水文系统之间的连通性。该调查覆盖阿曼北部 38,325 平方公里的^地区，重点关注泉水 ( ainy aflaj )、地下水收集渠道 ( daoodi aflaj ) 和地表水收集器 ( ghaili aflaj )。该地区的主要含水层包括 Hajar Super Group (HSG)、蛇绿岩、第三系、冲积层和哈瓦西纳含水层。阿夫拉吉水的化学成分主要受蒸发和风化过程控制。2 ^H与¹⁸ O 数据显示斜率为 5.04，表明蒸发的影响。分析² H 与¹⁸ O 数据揭示了两组泉水：一组由 HSG 和 Hawasina 含水层补给，而另一组由 HSG 和蛇绿岩补给。另一方面，Daoodi aflaj 主要由 HSG 和 Ophiolite 进行补给，其中也有来自 Hawasina 的部分贡献。镁/钙比显示了哈瓦西纳水域与 HSG 和蛇绿岩之间的联系，表明它们的水力连通性。这项研究表明，所有 aflaj 都至少从两个含水层单元接收水源，HSG 是与其他含水层连接之前的主要补给来源。