Drivers must actively supervise automation as it can only function in limited conditions. A failure to supervise the system has negative consequences in terms of missed requests to take over control and may cause crashes or jeopardize safety. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of a novel, 3M (Mistakes, Mentoring, and Mastery) training program on drivers’ behavior while using level 2 driving automation systems. To achieve this, 36 participants were assigned randomly to three different training programs (3M training, User manual, and Placebo) and drove through scenarios on a fixed-based driving simulator. The results showed that drivers in the 3M training group took back control more effectively when the driving automation system reached its limits compared to drivers who received User manual or Placebo training. Drivers in the 3M training Group also had higher situation awareness and improved trust in automation. The results indicate that an interactive approach to training with regards to vehicle automation can help drivers more safely interact with automation systems.

驾驶员必须积极监督自动化，因为它只能在有限的条件下发挥作用。未能监督系统会导致错过接管控制权的请求，并可能导致崩溃或危及安全。本研究的目的是确定新颖的 3M（错误、指导和掌握）培训计划对使用 2 级驾驶自动化系统时驾驶员行为的影响。为了实现这一目标，36 名参与者被随机分配到三个不同的培训项目（3M 培训、用户手册和安慰剂），并在固定驾驶模拟器上驾驶场景。结果表明，与接受用户手册或安慰剂培训的驾驶员相比，当驾驶自动化系统达到极限时，3M 培训组的驾驶员可以更有效地收回控制权。3M 培训组的驾驶员也具有更高的态势感知能力和对自动化的信任度。结果表明，车辆自动化方面的交互式培训方法可以帮助驾驶员更安全地与自动化系统交互。