In order to address the limitation of low flux in ultrafiltration (UF), a suitable additive is introduced into the base polymer to modify the membrane morphology, thereby enhancing flux rates. In this study, chamomile leaf nanoparticles (Chm NPs) were investigated as a novel green material for utilizing in UF membrane synthesizes. To enhance comprehension of the influence of Chm on the synthesis of PES UF membranes, a series of membranes were fabricated by including different quantities of Chm into the casting solution; (0, 0.5, 1.5, and 2 wt. %.). The synthesized membranes were fully characterized, through the porosity, pore size, hydrophilicity, membrane morphology, and UF efficiency. Manufactured PES/Chm membranes demonstrated significantly increased permeate water flux (PWF) (up to 498 kg/m h), which was four times that of the pristine PES membrane (116 kg/m h), besides that the bovine serum albumin (BSA) and Congo red dye (CR) rejection of PES/Chm membranes was still kept high. The enhanced PWF was mostly due to the more porous membrane structure and increased hydrophilicity. Meanwhile, the higher surface hydrophilicity of the PES/Chm membranes resulted in greater antifouling performance and the high flux recovery ratio (FRR) of 93 %. Based on the results of this research, the Chm may be used as a novel green additive with substantial application potential in the fabrication of UF membranes wastewater treatment.

中文翻译：

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用于废水处理应用的新型聚醚砜/洋甘菊 (PES/Chm) 混合基质膜

为了解决超滤（UF）中低通量的限制，在基础聚合物中引入合适的添加剂来改变膜形态，从而提高通量率。在这项研究中，洋甘菊叶纳米粒子（Chm NPs）被研究作为一种用于超滤膜合成的新型绿色材料。为了加深对 Chm 对 PES UF 膜合成的影响的理解，通过在浇铸溶液中加入不同量的 Chm 来制备一系列膜； （0、0.5、1.5 和 2 重量%）。通过孔隙率、孔径、亲水性、膜形态和超滤效率对合成的膜进行了全面表征。制造的 PES/Chm 膜表现出显着增加的渗透水通量 (PWF)（高达 498 kg/mh），是原始 PES 膜（116 kg/mh）的四倍，此外还添加了牛血清白蛋白 (BSA) 和PES/Chm 膜的刚果红染料 (CR) 截留率仍然很高。增强的 PWF 主要是由于更多的多孔膜结构和增加的亲水性。同时，PES/Chm膜较高的表面亲水性使其具有更好的防污性能和高达93%的通量恢复率（FRR）。根据这项研究结果，Chm可以作为一种新型绿色添加剂，在超滤膜废水处理的制造中具有巨大的应用潜力。