Tobacco Smoking is one of the leading causes of preventable morbidity and mortality in the world. It is well documented that tobacco smoking is risk factor for many diseases like: cancers, chronic respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, and the effects of tobacco smoking on hematological indices gets a little attention: the data is mostly inconsistent regarding the differential of WBCs, a conflicting studies described the effect of smoking on hemoglobin descriptive parameters and a regular monitoring of platelets count in smokers was advised. The study aimed to evaluate the relationship between tobacco smoking and hematological parameters among Sudanese healthy Smokers at Bahri Town. This was a cross sectional study conducted during 2022 in Bahri town, Khartoum state. A total of 120 male subjects participated in this study. Of them, 60 healthy non-smokers participants (Control), and 60 age matched smokers who were smoking tobacco for a minimum of 1 year. Smokers group was divided into three major sub-groups with each group contains 20 subjects: Cigarettes smokers (CS), Water pipes (Shisha) smokers (WP) and both Cigarettes and water pipes (shisha) smokers (CSWP). Data was collected through questionnaire interviews and laboratory investigation. A sample of Five ml venous blood was taken for Complete blood count testing using Urite 3000 plus semi-automated hematology analyzer. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Assocation between the variables were estimated and p value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Smokers had significantly higher RBCs count (p = 0.017), Hb level (p < 0.001), WBCs count (p = .017), Neutrophils (p < 0.001), MCH (p = 0.029), MCHC (p < 0.001), RDW (p < 0.001), and PDW (p < 0.001) compared to the non-smokers. In contrast, non-smokers had higher MPV (p < 0.001) and MCV (p < 0.001) levels than smokers. Between the non-smokers and different subtypes of the smokers (CS, WP & CSWP), there were significant differences between the subgroups for all hematological parameters except for PLTs and lymphocytes count. CS had lower levels of MCV (p < 0.001), MCHC (p < 0.001), HCT (p = 0.036), and RDW (p < 0.001) compared to the non-smokers, while both cigarette and shisha smokers had the higher levels of neutrophils count (p < 0.001) and PDW (p < 0.001) compared to the non-smokers. Smoking affects hematological parameters; smokers had significantly higher RBCs count, Hb level, WBCs count, Neutrophils, MCH, MCHC, RDW and PDW compared to the non-smoker group. WP smoking caused higher levels of RBCs, Hb, neutrophils, MCH and MCHC. PDW was high in smokers’ sub-groups compared to control group, while MPV was lower despite insignificant change In PLTs count.

中文翻译：

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苏丹吸烟者吸烟与血液学指标的关系

吸烟是世界上可预防的发病和死亡的主要原因之一。有充分证据表明，吸烟是许多疾病的危险因素，例如：癌症、慢性呼吸道疾病和心血管疾病，而吸烟对血液学指标的影响却很少受到关注：关于白细胞差异的数据大多不一致，这是一个相互矛盾的问题。研究描述了吸烟对血红蛋白描述参数的影响，并建议定期监测吸烟者的血小板计数。该研究旨在评估巴赫里镇苏丹健康吸烟者吸烟与血液学参数之间的关系。这是 2022 年在喀土穆州巴赫里镇进行的一项横断面研究。共有 120 名男性受试者参与了这项研究。其中，60 名健康的非吸烟者参与者（对照）和 60 名年龄匹配且吸烟至少 1 年的吸烟者。吸烟者组分为三个主要亚组，每组包含 20 名受试者：香烟吸烟者（CS）、水烟（水烟）吸烟者（WP）以及香烟和水烟（水烟）吸烟者（CSWP）。通过问卷调查和实验室调查收集数据。使用 Urite 3000 plus 半自动血液分析仪采集 5 ml 静脉血样本进行全血细胞计数检测。使用 SPSS 25 版分析数据。估计变量之间的关联，p 值 ≤ 0.05 被认为具有统计显着性。吸烟者的红细胞计数 (p = 0.017)、血红蛋白水平 (p < 0.001)、白细胞计数 (p = .017)、中性粒细胞 (p < 0.001)、MCH (p = 0.029)、MCHC (p < 0.001)、与非吸烟者相比，RDW (p < 0.001) 和 PDW (p < 0.001)。相反，非吸烟者的 MPV (p < 0.001) 和 MCV (p < 0.001) 水平高于吸烟者。在非吸烟者和不同亚型吸烟者（CS、WP 和 CSWP）之间，除 PLT 和淋巴细胞计数外，所有血液学参数均存在显着差异。与非吸烟者相比，CS 的 MCV (p < 0.001)、MCHC (p < 0.001)、HCT (p = 0.036) 和 RDW (p < 0.001) 水平较低，而吸烟者和水烟吸烟者的水平较高与非吸烟者相比，中性粒细胞计数 (p < 0.001) 和 PDW (p < 0.001) 的差异。吸烟影响血液学参数；与非吸烟组相比，吸烟者的红细胞计数、血红蛋白水平、白细胞计数、中性粒细胞、MCH、MCHC、RDW和PDW显着更高。WP 吸烟导致红细胞、血红蛋白、中性粒细胞、MCH 和 MCHC 水平升高。与对照组相比，吸烟者亚组的 PDW 较高，而 MPV 较低，尽管 PLT 计数变化不大。