The China–Russia crude oil pipeline (CRCOP) has been in operation for over 10 years. In order to obtain the necessary data for pipeline research and provide real-time warning for pipeline operation, an in-situ composite monitoring system of pipeline–permafrost interaction along the CRCOP was established. Monitoring results has shown that a thaw bulb develops around the CRCOP, urging consolidation in strongly thawed segments. The key to maintaining the stability of warm-oil pipelines buried in permafrost is to mitigate permafrost thaw and keep the differential settlement of the pipeline in its allowable strain range. To maintain the stability of CRCOP, a novel technique is proposed to mitigate thaw settlement of underlying permafrost, preventing pipeline failure and oil spills and in turn environmental disaster. Its cooling performance is evaluated based on indoor model testing platform using in-situ monitoring data including oil temperature, ground temperature and air temperature. The initiation and development of a thaw bulb was observed around the CRCOP, urging consolidation in strongly thawed segments. Additionally, an indoor model test is conducted to verify the cooling effect of a U-shaped air ventilation duct (U-AVD). The results show that the U-AVD is conducive to mitigating permafrost thaw and removing the thaw bulb around the buried pipeline in the cold season. The findings in this article can provide a reference for studies on the CRCOP and other pipeline engineering in permafrost regions.

中俄原油管道（CRCOP）已运行10多年。为了获得管道研究所需的数据并为管道运行提供实时预警，建立了CRCOP沿线管道-冻土相互作用现场复合监测系统。监测结果显示，CRCOP 周围出现了解冻球，促使强解冻路段出现整合。保持埋藏在多年冻土中的温油管道稳定性的关键是缓解多年冻土融化并使管道的不均匀沉降保持在允许的应变范围内。为了维持 CRCOP 的稳定性，提出了一种新技术来减轻底层永久冻土的融化沉降，防止管道故障和石油泄漏，从而防止环境灾难。基于室内模型测试平台，利用油温、地温、气温等现场监测数据对其冷却性能进行评价。在 CRCOP 周围观察到解冻球的启动和发展，促使强烈解冻的部分发生固结。此外，还进行了室内模型试验来验证U型通风管道（U-AVD）的冷却效果。结果表明，U-AVD有利于缓解寒冷季节的多年冻土融化并去除埋地管道周围的融球。本文研究成果可为CRCOP及其他多年冻土区管道工程研究提供参考。