Typhoons pose threats to coastal wetlands, but the impacts on carbon stocks remain unclear. This study investigated typhoon effects on salt marsh carbon pools with different vegetation covers (harvested Spartina alterniflora, native Scirpus mariqueter, bare mudflat) in the Yangtze River estuary.

During Typhoon Muifa (September 2022), significant erosion occurred in the Scirpus area while the harvested Spartina area experienced sediment deposition, indicating its stronger coastal protection capacity. Grain size analysis validated the geomorphic changes. The harvested Spartina area also captured coarser sediments from the mudflat. Wave data showed the amplified hydrodynamics during typhoons can transport more sediment into marshes.

In the Scirpus area, surface sediments (0–15 cm) lost 43% organic carbon and 73% belowground biomass due to erosion. The deposited sediments after typhoons lacked the original high carbon content. In contrast, harvested Spartina areas maintained carbon levels despite intense hydrodynamics. The bare mudflat lost 43% total carbon after experiencing substantial erosion.

This study demonstrates harvested Spartina areas effectively mitigated carbon loss and even facilitated carbon sequestration through enhanced sediment trapping during typhoons. With intensifying storm surges, seasonal harvesting of Spartina could balance coastal protection and ecological functions better than complete removal. The carbon sink capacity of sediments with native vegetation is vulnerable to typhoons due to limited resilience. Harnessing bio-geomorphic feedbacks is crucial for preserving blue carbon storage facing climate change.

台风对沿海湿地构成威胁，但对碳储量的影响仍不清楚。本研究调查了台风对长江口不同植被覆盖（收获的互花米草、原生三棱草、裸滩）盐沼碳库的 影响。

台风“梅花”期间（2022年9月），三草地区出现明显侵蚀，而大米草地区则出现泥沙淤积，海岸防护能力较强。粒度分析验证了地貌变化。收获的斯巴达地区还从泥滩捕获了较粗的沉积物。波浪数据显示，台风期间放大的流体动力学可以将更多沉积物输送到沼泽中。

在Scirpus地区，表层沉积物（0-15 厘米）因侵蚀而损失了 43% 的有机碳和 73% 的地下生物量。台风过后沉积的沉积物缺乏原有的高碳含量。相比之下，尽管水动力强烈，斯巴达收获区仍保持碳水平。裸露的泥滩在经历严重侵蚀后损失了 43% 的总碳。

这项研究表明，收获的大米草地区有效地减轻了碳损失，甚至通过台风期间增强的沉积物捕集促进了碳封存。随着风暴潮的加剧，季节性收获大米草可以比完全清除更好地平衡海岸保护和生态功能。由于恢复能力有限，原生植被沉积物的碳汇能力很容易受到台风的影响。利用生物地貌反馈对于保护面临气候变化的蓝碳储存至关重要。