Ethiopia is a country located in the Horn of Africa, which combines richness in plant resources and cultures of human plant use. The people of Habru District of North Wollo Zone (Amhara Region, Ethiopia) have a long history of use of plant resources for various purposes including in traditional herbal remedy preparation and use. However, the district has not been adequately studied for its ethnobotanical resources and the associated knowledge. This study focused on human medicinal plants and their traditional uses in Habru District. The objective of the study was to document and analyze the plant species used by the local communities to treat human ailments along with the associated traditional knowledge and practices. The study was carried out in Habru District from June 2021 to December 2022. Ethnobotanical data were collected using semi-structured interviews, guided field walks, 13 focus group discussions (one at the district level and 12 at the kebele/subdistrict level) and market surveys. A total of 388 informants (250 males and 138 females) were selected from all 13 kebeles within Habru District using systematic random sampling, and 42 key informants were purposively selected. Descriptive statistics, preference ranking, direct matrix ranking, informant consensus factor and fidelity level were applied for data analysis. The results provide insights into the medicinal plant diversity within Habru District, where 134 plant species in 110 genera and 54 families were documented, including 2 endemics, highlighting the district’s significance in biodiversity conservation and healthcare delivery. Disease prevalence analysis showed that gastrointestinal and parasitic ailments (ICF = 0.85), febrile diseases (ICF = 0.84), and culture-related conditions exhibit high informant consensus factors. Remedy preparation involves various plant parts, predominantly leaves (47.3%), followed by roots (22.1%), fruits (7.0%), and seeds (5.8%). Freshly harvested plant parts were frequently used (58.2%), while 24.7% involved both dried and fresh parts. Oral application (47.3%) and topical use (31.8%) are the major routes of remedy administration. The marketability of medicinal plants was evident, with 16.4% of the species reported as marketable, including Terminalia brownii Fresen. Myrtus communis L., Ruta chalepensis L., Olea europaea L. subsp. cuspidata (Wall. & G.Don) Cif., Allium sativum L. and Capsicum annuum L. Multipurpose plants such as Solanum somalense Franchet. (91.3% FL), Ocimum lamiifolium Hochst. ex. Benth. (88.9% FL), and Verbascum sinaiticum Benth. (85.7% FL) exhibited notable healing potentials. The current study underscores the intricate relationship between the local community and medicinal plants, emphasizing the importance of biodiversity conservation and health care and acknowledging the dynamic interplay between cultural heritage and ecosystem health. The results contribute to the development of sustainable conservation strategies, healthcare practices and the preservation of traditional knowledge, and highlight the interdependence of human societies and their natural environments. Community-based conservation initiatives with active participation of local communities are desirable for the conservation and sustainable use of medicinal plant species and their habitats. Raising public awareness about the sustainable harvesting and utilization of marketed medicinal plants (e.g., Terminalia brownii Fresen.) that are under threat is also important to ensure their availability for future generations and contribution to socioeconomic development.

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埃塞俄比亚北沃洛区哈布鲁区当地人使用的传统药用植物的民族植物学研究

埃塞俄比亚是一个位于非洲之角的国家，拥有丰富的植物资源和人类植物利用文化。北沃洛地区哈布鲁地区（埃塞俄比亚阿姆哈拉地区）的人们有着悠久的利用植物资源用于各种目的的历史，包括传统草药的制备和使用。然而，该地区的民族植物学资源和相关知识尚未得到充分研究。这项研究的重点是哈布鲁地区的人类药用植物及其传统用途。该研究的目的是记录和分析当地社区用于治疗人类疾病的植物物种以及相关的传统知识和实践。该研究于 2021 年 6 月至 2022 年 12 月在哈布鲁区进行。民族植物学数据是通过半结构化访谈、引导性实地行走、13 次焦点小组讨论（1 次在区级，12 次在科贝勒/分区级）和市场收集的调查。采用系统随机抽样方法，从哈布鲁区内全部 13 个 kebeles 中抽取了 388 名举报人（男性 250 名，女性 138 名），并有针对性地选择了 42 名关键举报人。数据分析采用描述性统计、偏好排序、直接矩阵排序、知情者共识因子和保真度水平。结果提供了对哈布鲁地区药用植物多样性的深入了解，该地区记录了 54 个科 110 属 134 种植物，其中包括 2 种特有植物，凸显了该地区在生物多样性保护和医疗保健提供方面的重要性。疾病患病率分析表明，胃肠道和寄生虫疾病（ICF = 0.85）、发热性疾病（ICF = 0.84）和培养相关疾病表现出较高的知情者共识因子。药物制备涉及植物的各个部分，主要是叶子（47.3%），其次是根（22.1%）、果实（7.0%）和种子（5.8%）。经常使用新鲜收获的植物部分（58.2%），24.7%同时使用干燥和新鲜部分。口服（47.3%）和局部用药（31.8%）是主要的治疗途径。药用植物的适销性很明显，据报道有 16.4% 的物种具有适销性，其中包括榄仁树。香桃木 L.、 芸香 L.、 油橄榄 L. 亚种。cuspidata (Wall. & G.Don) Cif.、Allium sativum L. 和 Capsicum annuum L. 多用途植物，如 Solanum somalense Franchet。(91.3% FL)，罗勒 (Ocimum lamiifolium Hochst)。前任。本斯。(88.9% FL) 和 Verbascum sinaiticum Benth。(85.7% FL) 表现出显着的治愈潜力。当前的研究强调了当地社区与药用植物之间的复杂关系，强调了生物多样性保护和医疗保健的重要性，并承认文化遗产与生态系统健康之间的动态相互作用。研究结果有助于制定可持续保护战略，医疗保健实践和传统知识的保护，并强调人类社会及其自然环境的相互依存性。当地社区积极参与的以社区为基础的保护举措对于药用植物物种及其栖息地的保护和可持续利用是可取的。提高公众对受到威胁的市售药用植物（例如榄仁树）的可持续采收和利用的认识对于确保子孙后代的可用性和对社会经济发展的贡献也很重要。