Abstract

Limited water resources and successive droughts in Iran have limited crop production. Therefore, modern irrigation methods to increase water use efficiency can become more necessary. A 2-year (2020, 2021) field experiment was carried out to determine the effect of irrigation method and nitrogen fertilizer on maize physiological traits, grain yield, water use efficiency, and soil temperature and moisture. The experimental design was factorial in the randomized complete block with three replicates. The studied irrigation and fertilizer treatments were the four levels of irrigation (wick irrigation, surface irrigation with 50, 70, and 100% of plant water requirement) and the two levels of nitrogen fertilizer (50 and 100% of the recommended urea fertilizer). Totally, wick irrigation with 100% fertilizer increased SPAD, leaf relative water content, leaf porometer, total dry weight, ear dry weight, ear diameter, number of rows per ear, number of grains per ear, and 100-grain weight compared to other treatments. Wick irrigation significantly increased soil moisture and decreased soil temperature compared to surface irrigation with 50, 70, and 100% plant water requirement at a depth of 10 cm. Although there was no significant difference between wick irrigation and 100% surface irrigation regarding grain yield, on average, for both years, wick irrigation reduced water consumption by 57.88% compared to 100% surface irrigation. Furthermore, wick irrigation with 100% fertilizer had the highest water use efficiency. Therefore, wick irrigation with 50% fertilizer application is the best treatment, because water and fertilizer are saved.

中文翻译：

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通过灯芯灌溉提高玉米产量和水分利用效率

摘要

伊朗水资源有限，加上连续干旱，农作物产量有限。因此，提高水利用效率的现代灌溉方法变得更加必要。通过为期2年（2020年、2021年）的田间试验，确定灌溉方式和氮肥对玉米生理性状、籽粒产量、水分利用效率以及土壤温度和湿度的影响。实验设计是随机完整区组的阶乘，具有三个重复。研究的灌溉和施肥处理为四个水平的灌溉（灯芯灌溉、地表灌溉，植物需水量的 50%、70% 和 100%）和两个氮肥水平（推荐的尿素肥料的 50% 和 100%）。总的来说，与其他方法相比，100%肥料的灯芯灌溉增加了SPAD、叶片相对含水量、叶片孔隙度、总干重、穗干重、穗直径、每穗行数、每穗粒数和百粒重治疗。与地表灌溉相比，灯芯灌溉显着增加了土壤湿度并降低了土壤温度，在 10 厘米深度处植物需水量为 50%、70% 和 100%。虽然灯芯灌溉和 100% 地面灌溉在粮食产量方面没有显着差异，但平均而言，这两年灯芯灌溉比 100% 地面灌溉减少了 57.88% 的用水量。此外，100%施肥的灯芯灌溉的水分利用效率最高。因此，灯芯灌施肥50%是最好的处理方式，既省水又省肥。