Age-related mitochondrial dysfunction leads to defects in cellular energy metabolism and oxidative stress defense systems, which can contribute to tissue damage and disease development. Among the key regulators responsible for mitochondrial quality control, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) is an important target for mitochondrial dysfunction. We have previously reported that bioactive polyphenols extracted from sugarcane top (ST) ethanol extract (STEE) could activate neuronal energy metabolism and increase astrocyte PGC-1α transcript levels. However, their potential impact on the mitochondria activity in muscle and liver cells has not yet been investigated. To address this gap, our current study examined the effects of STEE and its polyphenols on cultured myotubes and hepatocytes in vitro. Rhodamine 123 assay revealed that the treatment with STEE and its polyphenols resulted in an increase in mitochondrial membrane potential in C2C12 myotubes. Furthermore, a comprehensive examination of gene expression patterns through transcriptome-wide microarray analysis indicated that STEE altered gene expressions related to mitochondrial functions, fatty acid metabolism, inflammatory cytokines, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, and cAMP signaling in both C2C12 myotubes and HepG2 hepatocytes. Additionally, protein–protein interaction analysis identified the PGC-1α interactive-transcription factors-targeted regulatory network of the genes regulated by STEE, and the quantitative polymerase chain reaction results confirmed that STEE and its polyphenols upregulated the transcript levels of PGC-1α in both C2C12 and HepG2 cells. These findings collectively suggest the potential beneficial effects of STEE on muscle and liver tissues and offer novel insights into the potential nutraceutical applications of this material.

Graphical Abstract

中文翻译：

---

甘蔗 (Saccharum officinarum L.) 顶部提取物及其生物活性多酚对线粒体活性的调节：C2C12 肌管和 HepG2 肝细胞的综合转录组学分析

与年龄相关的线粒体功能障碍导致细胞能量代谢和氧化应激防御系统缺陷，从而导致组织损伤和疾病发展。在负责线粒体质量控制的关键调节因子中，过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ共激活剂1-α（PGC-1α）是线粒体功能障碍的重要靶标。我们之前报道过从甘蔗顶部（ST）乙醇提取物（STEE）中提取的生物活性多酚可以激活神经元能量代谢并增加星形胶质细胞PGC-1α转录水平。然而，它们对肌肉和肝细胞线粒体活性的潜在影响尚未得到研究。为了解决这一差距，我们目前的研究检查了 STEE 及其多酚对体外培养的肌管和肝细胞的影响。罗丹明 123 测定表明，STEE 及其多酚处理导致 C2C12 肌管中线粒体膜电位增加。此外，通过全转录组微阵列分析对基因表达模式进行全面检查表明，STEE 改变了两个 C2C12 肌管中与线粒体功能、脂肪酸代谢、炎症细胞因子、丝裂原激活蛋白激酶 (MAPK) 信号传导和 cAMP 信号传导相关的基因表达和 HepG2 肝细胞。此外，蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用分析确定了 STEE 调控基因的 PGC-1α 相互作用转录因子靶向调控网络，定量聚合酶链反应结果证实 STEE 及其多酚上调了两种动物中 PGC-1α 的转录水平。 C2C12 和 HepG2 细胞。这些发现共同表明 STEE 对肌肉和肝脏组织的潜在有益作用，并为该材料的潜在营养保健应用提供了新的见解。

图形概要