Metabolism includes anabolism and catabolism, which play an essential role in many biological processes. Chromatin modifications are post-translational modifications of histones and nucleic acids that play important roles in regulating chromatin-associated processes such as gene transcription. There is a tight connection between metabolism and chromatin modifications. Many metabolic enzymes and metabolites coordinate cellular activities with alterations in nutrient availability by regulating gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation and histone modifications. The dysregulation of gene expression by metabolism and epigenetic modifications may lead to diseases such as diabetes and cancer. Recent studies reveal that metabolic enzymes and metabolites specifically regulate chromatin modifications, including modification types, modification residues and chromatin regions. This specific regulation has been implicated in the development of human diseases, yet the underlying mechanisms are only beginning to be uncovered. In this review, we summarise recent studies of the molecular mechanisms underlying the metabolic regulation of histone and DNA modifications and discuss how they contribute to pathogenesis. We also describe recent developments in technologies used to address the key questions in this field. We hope this will inspire further in-depth investigations of the specific regulatory mechanisms involved, and most importantly will shed lights on the development of more effective disease therapies.

中文翻译：

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代谢酶和代谢物对表观基因组景观的特异性调节

代谢包括合成代谢和分解代谢，它们在许多生物过程中发挥着重要作用。染色质修饰是组蛋白和核酸的翻译后修饰，在调节染色质相关过程（例如基因转录）中发挥重要作用。新陈代谢和染色质修饰之间存在紧密联系。许多代谢酶和代谢物通过 DNA 甲基化和组蛋白修饰等表观遗传机制调节基因表达，从而协调细胞活动与营养可用性的变化。代谢和表观遗传修饰引起的基因表达失调可能导致糖尿病和癌症等疾病。最近的研究表明，代谢酶和代谢物特异性调节染色质修饰，包括修饰类型、修饰残基和染色质区域。这种特定的调节与人类疾病的发展有关，但其潜在机制才刚刚开始被揭示。在这篇综述中，我们总结了组蛋白和 DNA 修饰代谢调节的分子机制的最新研究，并讨论了它们如何促进发病机制。我们还描述了用于解决该领域关键问题的技术的最新发展。我们希望这将激发对所涉及的具体调控机制的进一步深入研究，最重要的是，将为开发更有效的疾病疗法提供线索。