The ‘big old fat fecund female fish’ (BOFFFF) hypothesis suggests that larger, older female fish contribute disproportionately more to the reproductive potential of a stock than smaller, younger female fish. As fishing typically differentially removes larger, mature fish, this can negatively impact reproductive potential and impair the recovery of a depleted stock. In this study, the BOFFFF hypothesis was explored quantitatively for the endemic West Australian dhufish (Glaucosoma hebraicum) by estimating the relationships between total length (TL) of females and spawning season duration, spawning frequency and oocyte size. The impacts of these size effects on estimates of reproductive potential of the G. hebraicum stock were also explored using a per-recruit analysis. Larger (900 mm TL), older mature female G. hebraicum were shown to spawn for a longer duration (six versus two months) and on more occasions (155 versus 60 times) than smaller (350 mm TL), younger mature fish, and thus these larger females have higher annual fecundity. Larger, older mature G. hebraicum also spawn, on average, significantly larger oocytes with greater estimated energy content (474.6 $\mu m$ diameter and 0.234 J versus 379.9 $\mu m$ and 0.140 J). Due to these size effects, reproductive output of G. hebraicum scales hyperallometrically with fish body mass, rather than isometrically. Not accounting for these size effects in per-recruit analysis resulted in higher estimates of stock reproductive potential and thus stock status. Such overestimates, if used to inform management, have the potential to result in harvest rates being set too high which, in turn, could thus affect stock sustainability.

“大而肥、多产的雌鱼”（BOFFFF）假说表明，较大、较老的雌鱼对种群繁殖潜力的贡献比较小、较年轻的雌鱼要大得多。由于捕捞通常会不同程度地捕捞较大的成熟鱼类，这可能会对繁殖潜力产生负面影响，并损害枯竭种群的恢复。在这项研究中，通过估计雌性总长度（TL）与产卵季节持续时间、产卵频率和卵母细胞大小之间的关系，对西澳大利亚特有的杜鱼（ Glaucosoma hebraicum ）的 BOFFFF 假说进行了定量探索。还使用每次招募分析探讨了这些尺寸效应对G. hebraicum种群繁殖潜力估计的影响。较大（900 毫米 TL）、较老的成熟雌性Hebraicum与较小（350 毫米 TL）、较年轻的成熟鱼和较小的（350 毫米 TL）、较年轻的成熟鱼相比，产卵时间较长（6 个月与两个月），产卵次数较多（155 次与 60 次）。因此，这些较大的雌性具有更高的年繁殖力。平均而言，更大、更老的成熟G. hebraicum也会产生明显更大的卵母细胞，估计能量含量更高（474.6$\mu 米$直径和 0.234 J 对比 379.9$\mu 米$和 0.140 J）。由于这些尺寸效应，G. hebraicum的繁殖产量随鱼体重呈超异速变化，而不是等长变化。在每次招募分析中不考虑这些尺寸效应会导致对种群繁殖潜力和种群状况的估计较高。如果用于告知管理层，这种高估可能会导致收获率设定过高，进而影响种群的可持续性。