Diabetes Mellitus during wound healing alters macrophage recruitment, leading to delayed healing. The present study focuses on impact of camel milk peptide (CMP) on macrophage plasticity during their recruitment during wound healing stages. The Swiss albino rats were distributed into three groups: a normal wounded group (control), a wounded diabetic group, and a wounded diabetic group treated with CMP daily. The diabetic rats showed a significantly compromised level of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP-1α) relative gene expression, anti-CD31, anti-Mac-3, and anti-CD68 staining than the control group. Macrophages were considerably depleted in diabetic group animals upon initiating the inflammatory phase, while the protein significantly reversed the same. Also, there was marked increase in pathogenic bacterial growth at the wound sites of diabetic rats. On the contrary, in CMP-diabetic rats, levels of pathogenic bacteria were comparable to normal control animals. Diabetic rats demonstrated a reduction in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9 and MMP-13) expression while increased TNF-α levels compared to control rats. In addition, they also showed significantly reduced expression of VEGF and fibroblast growth factors (FGF) genes and IL-10 during the proliferation phase. However, all these parameters exhibited a considerably reversed trend in the CMP treated diabetic rats. Hence, CMP-treated diabetic rats demonstrated a transition to the M2 phenotype, highlighting macrophage recruitment's critical role in healing of wounds in hyperglycemic rats.

伤口愈合过程中的糖尿病会改变巨噬细胞的募集，导致愈合延迟。本研究的重点是骆驼奶肽（CMP）对伤口愈合阶段巨噬细胞招募过程中可塑性的影响。将瑞士白化大鼠分为三组：正常受伤组（对照组）、糖尿病受伤组和每日接受 CMP 治疗的糖尿病受伤组。与对照组相比，糖尿病大鼠的单核细胞趋化蛋白-1 (MCP-1) 和巨噬细胞炎症蛋白 (MIP-1α) 相对基因表达、抗 CD31、抗 Mac-3 和抗 CD68 染色水平显着降低团体。糖尿病组动物在炎症阶段开始时巨噬细胞大量减少，而蛋白质则显着逆转这一情况。此外，糖尿病大鼠伤口部位的致病细菌生长显着增加。相反，在 CMP 糖尿病大鼠中，病原菌水平与正常对照动物相当。与对照大鼠相比，糖尿病大鼠的基质金属蛋白酶（MMP-9 和 MMP-13）表达减少，而 TNF-α 水平增加。此外，他们还发现，在增殖期，VEGF、成纤维细胞生长因子（FGF）基因和 IL-10 的表达显着降低。然而，所有这些参数在 CMP 治疗的糖尿病大鼠中都表现出相当相反的趋势。因此，经 CMP 治疗的糖尿病大鼠表现出向 M2 表型的转变，凸显了巨噬细胞募集在高血糖大鼠伤口愈合中的关键作用。