Tumors are characterized by abnormal cell growth, which leads to uncontrolled cell proliferation, invasion of surrounding tissues, and potential metastasis to other parts of the body. Current treatments for tumors include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and biological therapy. However, many tumors are detected at advanced stages, limiting the effectiveness of these treatments. Therefore, there is a need to develop more sensitive and efficient techniques to improve patient survival rates. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technology is a highly sensitive molecular detection and characterization technique. It can be combined with histomorphology, immunolabeling assays, and molecular hybridization to achieve quantitative diagnosis at morphological, molecular, and genetic levels. SERS offers advantages such as objectivity, reproducibility, and comparability. However, there are challenges to address, including complex substrate or probe preparation, cumbersome data analysis, and signal reproducibility and reliability. To fully utilize the potential of SERS in the biomedical field and for clinical translation, it is important to optimize the technology and develop more sensitive, accurate, and reliable substrate or probe preparation and analysis methods. This review aims to comprehensively explain the mechanism and unique advantages of SERS technology and discuss its current status, challenges, and prospects in tumor-related research.

中文翻译：

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推进临床癌症护理：揭示表面增强拉曼光谱的力量

肿瘤的特点是细胞生长异常，导致细胞增殖失控、侵袭周围组织以及可能转移至身体其他部位。目前肿瘤的治疗方法包括手术、化疗、放疗、靶向治疗和生物治疗。然而，许多肿瘤在晚期才被发现，限制了这些治疗的有效性。因此，需要开发更灵敏、更有效的技术来提高患者的生存率。表面增强拉曼散射（SERS）技术是一种高灵敏度的分子检测和表征技术。它可以与组织形态学、免疫标记分析和分子杂交相结合，实现形态学、分子和遗传水平的定量诊断。 SERS 具有客观性、重现性和可比性等优点。然而，仍有一些挑战需要解决，包括复杂的基质或探针制备、繁琐的数据分析以及信号的再现性和可靠性。为了充分发挥SERS在生物医学领域和临床转化中的潜力，优化技术并开发更灵敏、准确和可靠的底物或探针制备和分析方法非常重要。本文旨在全面阐述SERS技术的作用机制和独特优势，并探讨其在肿瘤相关研究中的现状、挑战和前景。