Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder primarily characterized by β-amyloid plaque, intraneuronal tangles, significant neuronal loss and cognitive deficit. Treatment in the early stages of the disease is crucial for preventing or perhaps reversing the neurodegeneration in the AD cases. However, none of the current diagnostic procedures are capable of early diagnosis of AD. Further, the available treatments merely provide symptomatic alleviation in AD and do not address the underlying illness. Therefore, there is no permanent cure for AD currently. Better therapeutic outcomes need the optimum drug concentration in the central nervous system (CNS) by traversing blood-brain-barrier (BBB). Nanotechnology offers enormous promise to transform the treatment and diagnostics of neurodegenerative diseases. Nanotechnology based diagnostic tools, drug delivery systems and theragnostic are capable of highly sensitive molecular detection, effective drug targeting and their combination. Significant work has been done in this area over the last decade and prospective results have been obtained in AD therapy. This review explores the various applications of nanotechnology in addressing the varied facets of AD, ranging from early detection to therapeutic interventions. This review also looks at how nanotechnology can help with the development of disease-modifying medicines, such as the delivery of anti-amyloid, anti-tau, cholinesterase inhibitors, antioxidants and hormonal drugs. In conclusion, this paper discusses the role of nanotechnology in the early detection of AD, effective drug targeting to the CNS and theragnostic applications in the management of AD.

阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 是一种神经退行性疾病，主要特征为 β-淀粉样蛋白斑、神经元内缠结、显着的神经元丢失和认知缺陷。疾病早期阶段的治疗对于预防或逆转 AD 病例中的神经变性至关重要。然而，目前的诊断程序都无法早期诊断 AD。此外，现有的治疗方法仅能缓解 AD 的症状，并不能解决潜在的疾病。因此，目前AD还没有永久治愈方法。更好的治疗效果需要穿过血脑屏障 (BBB) 在中枢神经系统 (CNS) 中达到最佳药物浓度。纳米技术为改变神经退行性疾病的治疗和诊断提供了巨大的希望。基于纳米技术的诊断工具、药物输送系统和治疗诊断能够进行高度灵敏的分子检测、有效的药物靶向及其组合。过去十年来，该领域已开展了大量工作，AD 治疗也取得了前瞻性成果。这篇综述探讨了纳米技术在解决 AD 各个方面的各种应用，从早期检测到治疗干预。这篇综述还探讨了纳米技术如何帮助开发改善疾病的药物，例如抗淀粉样蛋白、抗 tau 蛋白、胆碱酯酶抑制剂、抗氧化剂和激素药物的输送。总之，本文讨论了纳米技术在 AD 早期检测、针对中枢神经系统的有效药物靶向以及 AD 治疗中的诊断应用中的作用。