We have investigated the dependence of the acceleration efficiency for three different proposed direct terahertz wave driven electron accelerator setups, including ionization in a gas jet source. We have numerically simulated and optimized the ionization processes using Particle-In-Cell code (EPOCH) and pointed out its crucial effect on the accelerating mechanism. Supposing two single-cycle terahertz driving pulses with 1 mJ energy per pulse we characterized the different accelerator arrangements. The main properties of the predicted electron beams with the average kinetic energy of 27 keV can be adapted to the requirements of different applications in the fC-pC charge range.

我们研究了三种不同的直接太赫兹波驱动电子加速器装置的加速效率的依赖性，包括气体射流源中的电离。我们使用细胞内粒子代码（EPOCH）对电离过程进行了数值模拟和优化，并指出了其对加速机制的关键影响。假设两个单周期太赫兹驱动脉冲，每个脉冲能量为 1 mJ，我们对不同的加速器布置进行了表征。预测的平均动能为27 keV的电子束的主要特性可以适应fC-pC电荷范围内不同应用的要求。