The usage of biodegradable materials is gaining mounting applications owing to the environmental problems created by petroleum-based synthetic materials. Agro-waste materials are finding more scope as reinforcement materials in polymer composites, mainly because of their cost-effectiveness and availability. The main aim of this research work is to utilize agro-waste material in the form of mango seed waste (MSW) as a reinforcing material with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to form biocomposite. The biocomposites were fabricated using the solution casting technique. The research work focuses on the influence of varying ultrasonication periods (0–20 min at 5-min intervals, i.e., 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 min) on the properties of PVA/MSW biocomposites. The fabricated biocomposites were subjected to tensile test, fracture morphology, moisture absorption (MA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results revealed that the material with the highest tensile strength was 3.95 MPa obtained with the 20-min ultrasonication sample. This value is 49% higher than that obtained in the sample without ultrasonication. The scanning electron microscopy analysis shows that the 20-min ultrasonication sample indicated a good distribution of MSW fillers in the PVA contrasted with the rest of the samples. The thermal stability of the samples treated with ultrasonication was found to be significantly higher than that of the untreated samples, whereas the MA value decreased with increasing ultrasonication time. It can be observed from the results that biocomposites can be a potential alternative to the synthetic materials used in packaging applications.

中文翻译：

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超声处理时间对碱处理芒果籽废料填料增强PVA生物复合材料各项性能的影响

由于石油基合成材料造成的环境问题，生物可降解材料的使用正在获得越来越多的应用。农业废料材料在聚合物复合材料中作为增强材料的应用范围越来越广，主要是因为它们的成本效益和可用性。这项研究工作的主要目的是利用芒果种子废物（MSW）形式的农业废料作为增强材料与聚乙烯醇（PVA）形成生物复合材料。生物复合材料是使用溶液浇铸技术制造的。研究工作重点关注不同超声处理时间（0-20 分钟，间隔 5 分钟）的影响，IE、0、5、10、15 和 20 分钟）对 PVA/MSW 生物复合材料性能的影响。所制备的生物复合材料进行了拉伸测试、断裂形貌、吸湿率（MA）、傅里叶变换红外光谱和热重分析。结果表明，超声处理20分钟的样品获得的材料拉伸强度最高，为3.95 MPa。该值比未经超声处理的样品中获得的值高 49%。扫描电子显微镜分析表明，与其余样品相比，20 分钟超声处理的样品表明 PVA 中 MSW 填料的分布良好。经超声处理的样品的热稳定性明显高于未处理的样品，而MA值随着超声处理时间的增加而降低。从结果可以看出，生物复合材料可以成为包装应用中使用的合成材料的潜在替代品。