Microwave imaging (MI) is a noninvasive and nonionizing procedure for detection of cancerous cells in healthy body tissues using radiofrequency (RF) and microwaves. The procedure involves the use of Ultra Wide Band (UWB) antennas for sensing purposes. Therefore, this research article presents the design, development, and testing of a low-profile UWB Archimedean spiral microstrip-patch antenna (ASMA) for detection of skin cancer using monostatic radar-based microwave imaging. The proposed ASMA consists of a spiral resonator with a defective ground structure and a slotted microstrip feed line with dimensions of 38 × 38 × 0.87 mm³. The proposed antenna shows an impedance bandwidth for the frequency range of 2.2–13.9 GHz, with a peak gain of 6.8 dB at 7.8 GHz. In silico analysis of the proposed ASMA for MI is carried out with Gaustav model using Computer Simulation Technology Microwave Studio. To validate the performance of the ASMA as a sensor for MI, a prototype of the same is fabricated and a four-layered bio-phantom of the human forearm is prepared for in vitro and in vivo testing of the proposed procedure. The validation of ASMA radiation properties is done using a Vector Network Analyser (E-5063A) (VNA) and an anechoic chamber with the fabricated antenna at 10 mm away from the prepared bio-phantom. The recorded S parameter data with bio-phantom and the VNA is processed using different beamforming algorithms like Delay and Sum and Coherent Factor-Delay Multiply and Sum (CF-DMAS) to reconstruct the image of the scanned area. The reconstructed images are 97%–98% accurate. The proposed ASMA sensor is also safe for human exposure as it has a specific absorption rate of 0.0546 W/Kg at 5 GHz that complies with the safety guidelines of the Federal Communications Commission to minimize potential health risks associated with exposure to RF and microwave radiation.

中文翻译：

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使用薄型超宽带阿基米德螺旋天线检测皮肤癌的微波成像系统的计算机、体外和体内验证

微波成像 (MI) 是一种无创、非电离程序，使用射频 (RF) 和微波检测健康身体组织中的癌细胞。该过程涉及使用超宽带 (UWB) 天线进行传感。因此，本文介绍了低剖面 UWB 阿基米德螺旋微带贴片天线 (ASMA) 的设计、开发和测试，用于使用基于单基地雷达的微波成像检测皮肤癌。^{所提出的ASMA由具有缺陷接地结构的螺旋谐振器和尺寸为38 × 38 × 0.87 mm 3}的开槽微带馈线组成。所提出的天线的阻抗带宽为 2.2-13.9 GHz 频率范围，在 7.8 GHz 时峰值增益为 6.8 dB。使用计算机模拟技术 Microwave Studio 通过 Gaustav 模型对所提出的 MI 的 ASMA 进行计算机分析。为了验证 ASMA 作为 MI 传感器的性能，制造了其原型，并准备了人体前臂的四层生物模型，用于对所提出的程序进行体外和体内测试。ASMA 辐射特性的验证是使用矢量网络分析仪 (E-5063A) (VNA) 和消声室进行的，其中制作的天线距离准备好的生物体模 10 毫米。使用生物体模和 VNA 记录的 S 参数数据使用不同的波束形成算法（例如延迟和求和以及相干因子延迟乘法和求和 (CF-DMAS)）进行处理，以重建扫描区域的图像。重建图像的准确度为 97%–98%。拟议的 ASMA 传感器对于人体暴露也是安全的，因为它在 5 GHz 下的比吸收率为 0.0546 W/Kg，符合联邦通信委员会的安全指南，可最大限度地减少与暴露于射频和微波辐射相关的潜在健康风险。