Pediatric intracranial arteriovenous shunts are rare vascular malformations that can be diagnosed prenatally or postnatally, as an incidental finding or due to complications. We propose a review of cerebral vascular malformations in newborns and infants with special emphasis on neurosonography and Doppler ultrasound as the first diagnostic method. Sonography can thus contribute in the planning of further studies that are always necessary, and in post-therapy follow-up.

Graphical Abstract

中文翻译：

---

灰阶和多普勒超声在儿童神经血管畸形初步评估和随访中的应用

小儿颅内动静脉分流是罕见的血管畸形，可以在产前或产后作为偶然发现或由于并发症而诊断。我们建议对新生儿和婴儿的脑血管畸形进行回顾，特别强调神经超声检查和多普勒超声作为第一种诊断方法。因此，超声检查有助于规划始终必要的进一步研究以及治疗后随访。

图形概要