Ethnobotanical research in Southeast Europe—one of the most important European hotspots for biocultural diversity—is significant for the acquisition of Traditional Ecological Knowledge related to plants as well as for encouraging the development of local environments. The current ethnobotanical research was conducted in the region of Mt Stara Planina (south-eastern Serbia), which is characterised by rich phytodiversity with a large number of endemic and relict plant species. The aim of the study was to document the diversity of uses of medicinal plants and of traditional knowledge on their therapeutic uses. Ethnobotanical data was collected through both open and semi-structured interviews with locals. Fifty-one inhabitants were interviewed (26 men and 25 women), aged 30–91, and data was analysed by means of use reports, citation frequency, use values (UV), and the informant consensus factor (ICF). The study identified 136 vascular medicinal plant taxa and one lichen species belonging to 53 families and 116 genera. Lamiaceae (19), Rosaceae (18), and Asteraceae (17) had the highest species diversity. The plant parts most commonly used to make a variety of herbal preparations were the aerial parts (54 citations), leaves (35 citations), fruits (20 citations), flowers (18 citations), and roots (16 citations), while the most common forms of preparation were teas (60.78%), consumption of fresh tubers, leaves, roots, and fructus (6.86%), compresses (5.88%), juices (5.39%), decoctions (3.92%), ‘travarica’ brandy (3.92%), and syrups (2.45%). Of the recorded species, 102 were administered orally, 17 topically, and 18 both orally and topically. The plants with a maximum use value (UV = 1) were Allium sativum, Allium ursinum, Gentiana asclepiadea, Gentiana cruciata, Gentiana lutea, Hypericum perforatum, Thymus serpyllum and Urtica dioica. The highest ICF value (ICF = 0.95) was recorded in the categories of Skin and Blood, Blood Forming Organs, and Immune Mechanism. This study shows that medicinal plants in the research area are an extremely important natural resource for the local population as they are an important component of their health culture and provide a better standard of living.

中文翻译：

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对斯塔拉平原地区（塞尔维亚东南部、西巴尔干地区）药用植物进行民族植物学和民族医学研究

东南欧是欧洲生物文化多样性最重要的热点之一，东南欧的民族植物学研究对于获取与植物相关的传统生态知识以及鼓励当地环境的发展具有重要意义。目前的民族植物学研究是在斯塔拉普拉尼纳山（塞尔维亚东南部）地区进行的，该地区植物多样性丰富，有大量特有和孑遗植物物种。该研究的目的是记录药用植物的用途及其治疗用途的传统知识的多样性。民族植物学数据是通过对当地人进行公开和半结构化访谈来收集的。采访了 51 名年龄在 30-91 岁之间的居民（26 名男性和 25 名女性），并通过使用报告、引用频率、使用值 (UV) 和知情者共识因子 (ICF) 对数据进行了分析。该研究鉴定出136个维管束药用植物类群和1个地衣物种，分属53科116属。唇形科（19）、蔷薇科（18）和菊科（17）的物种多样性最高。最常用于制备各种草药制剂的植物部分是地上部分（54 次引用）、叶（35 次引用）、果实（20 次引用）、花（18 次引用）和根（16 次引用），而最常用的常见的制备形式是茶（60.78%）、食用新鲜块茎、叶、根和水果（6.86%）、压缩品（5.88%）、果汁（5.39%）、汤剂（3.92%）、“travarica”白兰地（ 3.92%）和糖浆（2.45%）。在记录的物种中，102 种是口服给药，17 种是局部给药，18 种是口服和局部给药。具有最大利用价值(UV=1)的植物为葱、熊葱、马艽、十字花秦艽、黄花秦艽、贯叶金丝桃、百里香和荨麻。最高ICF值（ICF = 0.95）出现在皮肤和血液、造血器官和免疫机制类别中。这项研究表明，研究地区的药用植物对当地居民来说是极其重要的自然资源，因为它们是他们健康文化的重要组成部分，并提供了更好的生活水平。