Patients with focal epilepsy of unknown cause (FEoUC) may display T cell infiltration in post-surgery brain specimens and increased serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines produced by B and T cells, indicating potential involvement of adaptive immunity. Our study aimed to investigate the peripheral blood distribution of B and T cell subgroups to find clues supporting the distinct organization of adaptive immunity in FEoUC. Twenty-two patients with FEoUC and 25 age and sex matched healthy individuals were included. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were immunophenotyped by flow cytometry. Expression levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines and FOXP3 were measured by real-time PCR. Carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) proliferation assay was conducted using CD4⁺ T cells. Patients with FEoUC showed significantly decreased regulatory B (Breg), B1a, plasmablast and regulatory T (Treg) cell percentages, and increased switched memory B and Th17 cell ratios. Moreover, CD4⁺CD25⁺CD49d⁻ Tregs of FEoUC patients displayed significantly reduced TGFB1 and FOXP3, but increased IL10 gene expression levels. CD4⁺ helper T cells of patients with FEoUC gave more exaggerated proliferation responses to phytohemagglutinin, anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 stimulation. Patients with FEoUC display increased effector lymphocyte, decreased regulatory lymphocyte ratios, and impaired Treg function and enhanced lymphocyte proliferation capacity. Overall, this pro-inflammatory phenotype lends support to the involvement of adaptive immunity in FEoUC.

不明原因局灶性癫痫 (FEoUC) 患者术后脑标本中可能出现T 细胞浸润，并且 B 细胞和 T 细胞产生的促炎细胞因子血清水平升高，表明适应性免疫可能参与其中。我们的研究旨在调查 B 细胞和 T 细胞亚群的外周血分布，以寻找支持 FEoUC 中适应性免疫的独特组织的线索。包括 22 名 FEoUC 患者和 25 名年龄和性别匹配的健康个体。通过流式细胞术对外周血单核细胞进行免疫表型分析。通过实时PCR测量抗炎细胞因子和FOXP3的表达水平。^{使用CD4 +}进行羧基荧光素琥珀酰亚胺酯(CFSE)增殖测定。FEoUC 患者的调节性 B (Breg)、B1a、浆母细胞和调节性 T (Treg) 细胞百分比显着下降，而转换记忆 B 和 Th17 细胞比例增加。此外，FEoUC患者的CD4⁺CD25⁺CD49d^-Tregs显示TGFB1和FOXP3显着降低，但IL10基因表达水平升高。FEoUC 患者的CD4⁺FEoUC患者表现出效应淋巴细胞增加、调节性淋巴细胞比例降低、 Treg功能受损和淋巴细胞增殖能力增强。总体而言，这种促炎表型支持适应性免疫参与 FEoUC。