Spatial direction relationships act as links between visually perceived data and natural language in cartography and geographic information systems. Although the existing direction models are able to compute spatial direction relationships, their adaptability to unique users of Wemap, such as individuals with limited spatial orientation skills (ILSOS), is minimal. In particular, the ability to identify locations and directions on maps can pose serious challenges for ILSOS. As such, a Wemap-based direction model was developed in this study to address this deficiency, specifically targeting ILSOS. To address these challenges, a model for calculating spatial direction relationships was constructed. Subsequently, a questionnaire was administered to verify the consistency of the proposed model with the spatial perceptions of ILSOS. The experimental results demonstrate that (1) the proposed model can calculate the spatial direction relationships between a reference object and source target based on absolute reference frames; (2) ILSOS account for a certain proportion of the population and have a superior ability to distinguish spatial over geographic directions; and (3) the calculation results of the proposed model are consistent with the spatial cognition of ILSOS.

中文翻译：

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针对空间定向技能有限的个人的基于 Wemap 的方向模型

空间方向关系充当制图和地理信息系统中视觉感知数据和自然语言之间的链接。尽管现有的方向模型能够计算空间方向关系，但它们对 Wemap 的独特用户（例如空间定向技能有限的个人 (ILSOS) 的个人）的适应性很小。特别是，识别地图上的位置和方向的能力可能给 ILSOS 带来严峻的挑战。因此，本研究开发了基于 Wemap 的方向模型来解决这一缺陷，特别是针对 ILSOS。为了解决这些挑战，构建了计算空间方向关系的模型。随后，进行了问卷调查，以验证所提出的模型与 ILSOS 空间感知的一致性。实验结果表明：（1）该模型能够基于绝对参考系计算参考物体与源目标之间的空间方向关系； （2）ILSOS在人口中占一定比例，具有较地理方向更优越的空间辨别能力； (3)该模型的计算结果与ILSOS的空间认知一致。