In a human–robot team, robots may play a manager, helping to maintain the behavioural norms of its team. Robots as managers have the power to reward and punish. Currently, a small number of previous relevant studies have mainly focused on the impact of robot punishment behaviour on human beings, but managers without reward behaviour have difficulty gaining the trust of members. Therefore, this study investigates the effects of robot managers' reward and punishment behaviours on human–robot trust and job performance and explores the mediating effect of emotion and the moderating effect of group relations. The study recruited 76 participants using a 2 (independent variable robot managers' reward and punishment behaviours: reward behaviour, punishment behaviour) × 2 (moderator variable human–robot group relations: ingroup and outgroup) experimental design, and each participant and a robot manager worked together to complete the task of sorting items. It was found that the robot managers' reward-punishment behaviours have an impact on human emotions. Emotions play a mediating role in the effect of robot managers' reward-punishment behaviours on human trust but do not play a mediating role in the effect on job performance. The human–robot group relation plays a moderating role in the effects of emotions on human–robot trust. The research results help more preferably understand the interaction mechanism of the human–robot team and more preferably serve the management and cooperation of the human–robot team by appropriately adjusting the robot managers' reward and punishment behaviours in the human–robot team and the human–robot group relation.

在人机团队中，机器人可以扮演经理的角色，帮助维持团队的行为规范。机器人作为管理者有权力奖励和惩罚。目前，之前的少量相关研究主要集中在机器人惩罚行为对人类的影响，但没有奖励行为的管理者很难获得成员的信任。因此，本研究探讨机器人管理者的奖惩行为对人机信任和工作绩效的影响，并探讨情绪的中介作用和群体关系的调节作用。该研究采用2（自变量机器人管理者的奖励和惩罚行为：奖励行为、惩罚行为）×2（调节变量人机群体关系：内群体和外群体）实验设计招募了76名参与者，每个参与者和一个机器人管理者齐心协力完成物品分类任务。研究发现，机器人管理者的奖惩行为会对人类情绪产生影响。情绪在机器人管理者的奖惩行为对人类信任的影响中起中介作用，但在对工作绩效的影响中不起中介作用。人机群体关系在情绪对人机信任的影响中起着调节作用。研究成果有助于更好地理解人机团队的交互机制，通过适当调整机器人管理者在人机团队和人类中的奖惩行为，更好地服务于人机团队的管理与协作。 – 机器人群体关系。