In September 2022, the 3rd International Workshop on pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) and related phytotoxins was held on-line, entitled ʼToxins in botanical drugs and plant-derived food and feed – from science to regulationʼ. The workshop focused on new findings about the occurrence, exposure, toxicity, and risk assessment of PAs. In addition, new scientific results related to the risk assessment of alkenylbenzenes, a distinct class of herbal constituents, were presented. The presence of PAs and alkenylbenzenes in plant-derived food, feed, and herbal medicines has raised health concerns with respect to their acute and chronic toxicity but mainly related to the genotoxic and carcinogenic properties of several congeners. The compounds are natural constituents of a variety of plant families and species widely used in medicinal, food, and feed products. Their individual occurrence, levels, and toxic properties, together with the broad range of congeners present in nature, represent a striking challenge to modern toxicology. This review tries to provide an overview of the current knowledge on these compounds and indicates needs and perspectives for future research.

2022年9月，第三届吡咯里西啶生物碱（PAs）及相关植物毒素国际研讨会在网上举行，题为“植物药物和植物源性食品和饲料中的毒素——从科学到监管”。研讨会重点讨论了有关 PA 的发生、暴露、毒性和风险评估的新发现。此外，还介绍了与烯基苯（一类独特的草药成分）风险评估相关的新科学结果。植物源性食品、饲料和草药中存在的 PA 和烯基苯因其急性和慢性毒性而引起健康问题，但主要与几种同源物的遗传毒性和致癌特性有关。这些化合物是多种植物科和物种的天然成分，广泛用于医药、食品和饲料产品。它们的个体出现、水平和毒性特性，以及自然界中存在的广泛同源物，对现代毒理学提出了巨大的挑战。本综述试图概述这些化合物的当前知识，并指出未来研究的需求和前景。