Coronavirus disease-associated central nervous system complications (CNS-C) in hospitalized children, especially during the Omicron wave, and in comparison with influenza associated CNS-C, are not well understood. The study population included 755 children aged <18 years hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) at Sheba Medical Center, during March 2020 to July 2022. A comparative cohort consisted of 314 pediatric patients with influenza during the 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 influenza seasons. Overall, 5.8% (n = 44) of patients exhibited CNS-C. Seizures at presentation occurred in 33 patients with COVID-19 (4.4%), with 2.6% (n = 20) experiencing nonfebrile seizures, 1.1% (n = 8) febrile seizures, and 0.7% (n = 5) status epilepticus. More patients with CNS-C experienced seizures during the Omicron wave versus the pre-Omicron period (77.8% vs 41.2%, = 0.03). Fewer patients were admitted to the intensive care unit in the Omicron wave (7.4%) versus prior waves (7.4% vs 41.2%, = 0.02). Fewer patients with SARS-CoV-2 experienced CNS-C (5.8%) versus patients with influenza (9.9%), = 0.03. More patients with SARS-CoV-2 experienced nonfebrile seizures (2.6% vs 0.6%, = 0.06), whereas more patients with influenza experienced febrile seizures (7.3% vs 1.1%, < 0.01). The Omicron wave was characterized by more seizures and fewer intensive-care-unit admissions than previous waves. Pediatric patients with SARS-CoV-2 experienced fewer CNS-C and more nonfebrile seizures compared with patients with influenza.

中文翻译：

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2019 年以色列冠状病毒病大流行期间住院儿科患者中严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒 2 型中枢神经系统并发症的系统回顾和临床表现

住院儿童中冠状病毒疾病相关的中枢神经系统并发症（CNS-C），尤其是在 Omicron 波期间，以及与流感相关的 CNS-C 相比，尚不清楚。研究人群包括 2020 年 3 月至 2022 年 7 月期间在示巴医疗中心住院的 755 名年龄 <18 岁的儿童，这些儿童经实验室确诊患有严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2)。比较队列包括 314 名流感儿童患者2018-2019年和2019-2020年流感季节。总体而言，5.8% (n = 44) 的患者表现出 CNS-C。33 名 COVID-19 患者 (4.4%) 就诊时出现癫痫发作，其中 2.6% (n = 20) 出现非热性惊厥，1.1% (n = 8) 出现热性惊厥，0.7% (n = 5) 出现癫痫持续状态。与 Omicron 之前相比，更多 CNS-C 患者在 Omicron 波期间经历癫痫发作（77.8% vs 41.2%，= 0.03）。与之前的几波相比，Omicron 波中入住重症监护室的患者数量 (7.4%) 有所减少 (7.4% vs 41.2%, = 0.02)。与流感患者 (9.9%) 相比，SARS-CoV-2 患者经历 CNS-C 的人数较少 (5.8%) = 0.03。更多的 SARS-CoV-2 患者出现非热性惊厥（2.6% vs 0.6%，= 0.06），而更多的流感患者出现热性惊厥（7.3% vs 1.1%，< 0.01）。与之前的几波相比，Omicron 波的特点是癫痫发作更多，重症监护病房入院人数更少。与流感患者相比，感染 SARS-CoV-2 的儿科患者 CNS-C 较少，非热性惊厥较多。