To assess vessel density (VD) and flow of retinal plexuses and peripapillary region related with the pediatric radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS) and multiple sclerosis (MS). We analyzed 24 eyes of 12 participants with the diagnosis of RIS, 24 eyes of 12 participants with the diagnosis of MS, and 26 eyes of 13 age- and sex-matched healthy controls in this prospective, cross-sectional study. The superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus, foveal avascular zone, and the flow of choriocapillaris were investigated using optical coherence tomography angiography. Parafoveal VD and all subregion parameters in SCP were significantly decreased in the MS group compared with the controls, whereas only nasal and inferior VD were significantly decreased in the pediatric RIS group compared with the controls. Ganglion cell layer (GCL) thickness of all subregions of the inner ring was significantly decreased in the pediatric MS group compared with the control group. No significant difference was observed between the pediatric RIS group and the control group regarding thickness. We showed lower parafoveal VD in all subregions of SCP in pediatric MS, whereas only parafoveal nasal and inferior VD were decreased in pediatric RIS. GCL thickness of inner ring was significantly decreased in the pediatric MS, whereas GCL thickness did not change in pediatric RIS. Therefore, a decrease of parafoveal nasal and inferior VD without a decrease in thickness implies an early impairment of microvasculature in the RIS before impairment of thickness and that microvascular alterations begin from highly vascular superficial parafovea.

中文翻译：

---

儿童放射孤立综合征和多发性硬化症的视网膜和脉络膜血管评估

评估与儿科放射孤立综合征 (RIS) 和多发性硬化症 (MS) 相关的视网膜丛和视乳头周围区域的血管密度 (VD) 和流量。在这项前瞻性横断面研究中，我们分析了 12 名诊断为 RIS 的参与者的 24 只眼睛、12 名诊断为 MS 的参与者的 24 只眼睛以及 13 名年龄和性别匹配的健康对照者的 26 只眼睛。使用光学相干断层扫描血管造影术研究浅毛细血管丛（SCP）和深部毛细血管丛、中心凹无血管区和脉络膜毛细血管的血流。与对照组相比，MS 组的中心凹旁 VD 和 SCP 的所有亚区域参数均显着降低，而儿科 RIS 组与对照组相比，仅鼻腔和下壁 VD 显着降低。与对照组相比，儿童 MS 组内环所有分区的神经节细胞层 (GCL) 厚度均显着降低。儿童 RIS 组和对照组之间在厚度方面没有观察到显着差异。我们发现，儿科 MS 中 SCP 所有亚区的中心凹旁 VD 均较低，而儿科 RIS 中仅中心凹旁鼻区和下中心凹 VD 降低。儿童 MS 中内环 GCL 厚度显着减少，而儿童 RIS 中 GCL 厚度没有变化。因此，中心凹旁鼻和下VD的减少而厚度没有减少意味着在厚度受损之前RIS中微血管的早期受损，并且微血管改变从高度血管浅的旁凹开始。