The fungus causes substantial economic losses in wheat worldwide. secretes multiple proteinaceous necrotrophic effectors (NEs) that induce compatible interactions with hosts possessing corresponding dominant susceptibility (S) genes. This study focused on unraveling the virulence pattern and presence of NEs secreted by 33 isolates of in the context of its interaction with 40 wheat genotypes. Wheat genotypes were classified into six groups based on their variable responses to isolates. The S gene was present in 70 % of the highly susceptible cultivars and completely absent in all resistant cultivars. Cultivars possessing all three S genes, , , and , were susceptible to all isolates. The S gene was detected in all Iranian wheat cultivars, whereas its proportion in the world's cultivars was 62.5 %. - was the most abundant NE-S gene (100 %) in the Iranian and Iranian cultivars. Furthermore, SnToxA was produced in , and infiltration of SnToxA resulted in necrosis response exclusively in wheat genotypes harboring the S gene . Overall, these findings extend our substantial knowledge of -wheat interactions and their underlying molecular basis in Iran, a country in the Fertile Crescent where both wheat and its pathogens coevolved.

中文翻译：

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小麦-Parastagonospora nodorum 分离株的相互作用：探索宿主易感性和真菌毒力

这种真菌给全世界的小麦造成了巨大的经济损失。分泌多种蛋白质性坏死营养效应子（NE），诱导与拥有相应显性易感性（S）基因的宿主的兼容相互作用。这项研究的重点是揭示 33 个分离株分泌的 NE 与 40 种小麦基因型相互作用的毒力模式和存在。根据小麦基因型对分离株的不同反应，将其分为六组。S基因存在于70%的高感品种中，而在所有抗性品种中完全不存在。拥有所有三个 S 基因 、 、 和 的品种对所有分离株均敏感。S基因在伊朗所有小麦品种中均检测到，而其在世界小麦品种中的比例为62.5%。- 是伊朗和伊朗品种中最丰富的 NE-S 基因 (100%)。此外，SnToxA 产生于 ，并且 SnToxA 的渗透仅在含有 S 基因的小麦基因型中导致坏死反应。总体而言，这些发现扩展了我们对伊朗小麦相互作用及其潜在分子基础的丰富了解，伊朗是一个位于新月沃地的国家，小麦及其病原体共同进化。