Abstract

Seasonal pollen allergy is a major public health concern, with many different pollen aeroallergens being present in the atmosphere at varying levels during the season. In Norway, information about spatiotemporal variation of pollen aeroallergens is currently lacking, leading to reduced ability to manage and treat seasonal allergies. Seven pollen aeroallergens (alder, hazel, willow, birch, pine, grass and mugwort) were monitored daily for 16 years from 12 regions and coalesced to create regional pollen calendars. Seasonal statistics, such as seasonal pollen integral (SPIn), onset, duration and periods of high and very high concentrations, were calculated for all pollen types and regions. High days were further modelled with SPIn in a linear regression framework to investigate the connection between the strength of the season and number of days above high pollen thresholds. The tree pollen season occurred between January and mid-July, with the pollen aeroallergens birch and pine being the most prominent in all regions. The herb pollen season was observed to occur between June and mid-August, although mugwort was almost completely absent. The grass pollen season was mostly mild on average but more severe in some regions, primarily Kristiansand. South-east regions of Oslo, Kristiansand and Lillehammer had the overall highest pollen load, while northern regions of Bodø, Tromsø and Kirkenes had the overall lowest pollen loads. SPIn and days above high pollen thresholds had positive highly significant relationships (R² > 0.85) for all pollen types, bar mugwort. Regional pollen calendars and seasonal statistics contribute to reliable information that can be used by medical professionals to effectively and timely manage and treat seasonal pollen allergies in Norway. Further research is needed to determine sensitization profiles of pine and willow.

中文翻译：

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挪威的致敏花粉季节和区域花粉日历

摘要

季节性花粉过敏是一个主要的公共卫生问题，许多不同的花粉气源过敏原在季节期间以不同的水平存在于大气中。在挪威，目前缺乏有关花粉气源性过敏原时空变化的信息，导致管理和治疗季节性过敏的能力下降。16 年来，我们每天对来自 12 个地区的 7 种花粉气致过敏原（桤木、榛树、柳树、桦树、松树、草和艾蒿）进行监测，并将其合并起来创建区域花粉日历。计算了所有花粉类型和区域的季节性统计数据，例如季节性花粉积分 (SPIn)、高浓度和极高浓度的起始时间、持续时间和周期。在线性回归框架中使用 SPIn 进一步对高花粉天数进行建模，以研究季节强度与高于高花粉阈值的天数之间的联系。树木花粉季节发生在 1 月至 7 月中旬，其中桦木和松树的花粉空气过敏原在所有地区最为突出。据观察，药草花粉季节发生在六月至八月中旬之间，但艾蒿几乎完全消失。平均而言，草花粉季节大多温和，但在某些地区（主要是克里斯蒂安桑）更为严重。奥斯陆、克里斯蒂安桑和利勒哈默尔的东南部地区的花粉量总体最高，而博德、特罗姆瑟和希尔克内斯的北部地区的花粉量总体最低。 对于所有花粉类型（艾蒿），SPIn 和高于高花粉阈值的天数均具有高度显着的正相关关系 ( R ^{2 > 0.85)。}区域花粉日历和季节性统计数据提供了可靠的信息，医疗专业人员可以使用这些信息来有效、及时地管理和治疗挪威的季节性花粉过敏。需要进一步研究来确定松树和柳树的致敏情况。