With the advancements in gene sequencing technologies, including genome-wide association studies, polygenetic risk scores, and high-throughput sequencing, there has been a tremendous advantage in mapping a detailed blueprint for the genetic model of bipolar disorder (BD). To date, intriguing genetic clues have been identified to explain the development of BD, as well as the genetic association that might be applied for the development of susceptibility prediction and pharmacogenetic intervention. Risk genes of BD, such as CACNA1C, ANK3, TRANK1, and CLOCK, have been found to be involved in various pathophysiological processes correlated with BD. Although the specific roles of these genes have yet to be determined, genetic research on BD will help improve the prevention, therapeutics, and prognosis in clinical practice. The latest preclinical and clinical studies, and reviews of the genetics of BD, are analyzed in this review, aiming to summarize the progress in this intriguing field and to provide perspectives for individualized, precise, and effective clinical practice.

随着基因测序技术的进步，包括全基因组关联研究、多基因风险评分和高通量测序，在绘制双相情感障碍（BD）遗传模型的详细蓝图方面具有巨大的优势。迄今为止，已经确定了一些有趣的遗传线索来解释 BD 的发展，以及可能用于开发易感性预测和药物遗传学干预的遗传关联。BD 的风险基因，如CACNA1C、ANK3、TRANK1和CLOCK，已被发现参与与 BD 相关的各种病理生理过程。尽管这些基因的具体作用尚未确定，但BD的基因研究将有助于改善临床实践中的预防、治疗和预后。本文对BD的最新临床前和临床研究以及遗传学综述进行分析，旨在总结这一有趣领域的进展，为个体化、精准有效的临床实践提供视角。