Abstract

Ficus palmata Forssk (Moraceae) and Calotropis procera (Aiton) Dryand (Asclepidaceae) are medicinally important plants. Traditionally, Ficus palmata Forssk is well known to cure gastric and diabetic problems. Both plants are found useful in the treatment of cancerous complications and skin eruptions. The present study was aimed to assess bioactivities of selected plants. Cytotoxicity (brine shrimp lethality assay), antioxidant (ABTS, DPPH, phosphomolybdate and reducing power assay), antimicrobial (disc diffusion method) and phytochemical screening was performed to analyze their activities. Crude extract of leaves and fruit of both plants was prepared in two polar solvents, i.e. methanol and chloroform. Significant cytotoxic potential was shown by fruit of both plants with LD₅₀ values of 80.34 and 93.83 µg/mL by Calotropis procera (Aiton) Dryand methanolic extract and F. palmata chloroform extract, respectively. Methanol extracts of leaves of both plants revealed significant antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal activity. F. palmata leaves methanol extract showed strong antioxidant activity among the tested samples and the LC₅₀ values were 10.39, 14.63 and 19.28 µg/mL in phosphomolybdate, ABTS and DPPH assays, respectively. Promising microbial growth inhibition was observed at 25 µg/mL. The observed bioactivities are consistent with the presence of valuable phytochemicals: alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, glycosides and saponins. Due to the strong antibacterial, cytotoxic and antioxidant potential endowed by selected plant extracts, these are supposed to be potential candidates for biopharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries. Further work explicating the structural details and isolation of phytochemicals from selected plant species would be recommended.

Graphical abstract

中文翻译：

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Ficus palmata 和 Calotropis procera 提取物的抗氧化和抗菌分析​​及其植物化学筛选

摘要

Ficus palmata Forssk（桑科）和Calotropis procera（Aiton）Dryand（萝藦科）是重要的药用植物。传统上，棕榈榕以治疗胃病和糖尿病问题而闻名。这两种植物都被发现可用于治疗癌症并发症和皮疹。本研究旨在评估选定植物的生物活性。通过细胞毒性（丰年虾致死率测定）、抗氧化剂（ABTS、DPPH、磷钼酸盐和还原力测定）、抗菌（圆盘扩散法）和植物化学筛选来分析其活性。两种植物的叶和果实的粗提取物在两种极性溶剂（即甲醇和氯仿）中制备。两种植物的果实均表现出显着的细胞毒性潜力，Calotropis procera (Aiton) 干燥甲醇提取物和F. palmata氯仿提取物的​​ LD ₅₀值分别为 80.34 和 93.83 µg/mL 。两种植物叶子的甲醇提取物均显示出显着的抗氧化、抗菌和抗真菌活性。掌叶甲醇提取物在测试样品中表现出较强的抗氧化活性，磷钼酸盐、ABTS 和 DPPH 测定中的 LC ₅₀值分别为 10.39、14.63 和 19.28 µg/mL。在 25 µg/mL 浓度下观察到有希望的微生物生长抑制作用。观察到的生物活性与有价值的植物化学物质的存在一致：生物碱、类黄酮、单宁、糖苷和皂苷。由于精选的植物提取物具有强大的抗菌、细胞毒性和抗氧化潜力，因此这些提取物被认为是生物制药和营养保健品行业的潜在候选者。建议进一步开展工作，阐明结构细节以及从选定植物物种中分离植物化学物质。

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