Abstract

Migration and the dependence of rural communities on forest resources for subsistence have profoundly altered the composition and spatial structure of the landscapes of the border municipality of Kasenga in the southeast of DR Congo. The spatio-temporal dynamics of anthropogenic effects on forest ecosystems were mapped and quantified in the municipality of Kasenga using Landsat image classification from 1989 to 2022, combined with landscape ecology metrics to analyze spatial patterns. Our results show that the landscape has undergone profound disturbances. The area of large patches of forest that used to dominate the landscape has been reduced by a factor of 4 from 1989 to 2022, thus indicating the anthropogenic impact on the fragmentation of forest ecosystems. If in 33 years (from 1989 to 2022) forest has lost more than a third of their coverage through the dissection, fragmentation and attrition of patches, agriculture, grassland and wetland, and built-up and bare land have recorded a progressive dynamic resulting from the creation and aggregation of patches. These anthropogenic transformations, coupled with a lack of land management planning, will compromise the future of forest ecosystems since the level of landscape disturbance has quintupled from 1.1 to 5.5 in 33 years. There is then an urgent need to develop an integrated and participatory land management strategy to preserve forest resources and guarantee their resilience.

中文翻译：

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卡森加（刚果民主共和国）农村和边境市森林生态系统的人为压力和时空动态

摘要

移民和农村社区对森林资源的依赖深刻改变了刚果民主共和国东南部边境城市卡森加的景观组成和空间结构。利用 1989 年至 2022 年的陆地卫星图像分类，绘制并量化了卡森加市人为影响森林生态系统的时空动态，并结合景观生态学指标来分析空间模式。我们的结果表明，地貌经历了深刻的扰动。从 1989 年到 2022 年，曾经占主导地位的大片森林面积减少了 4 倍，这表明人为因素对森林生态系统的破碎化产生了影响。如果说在 33 年里（从 1989 年到 2022 年），森林由于斑块的分割、破碎和消耗而失去了三分之一以上的覆盖率，那么农业、草地和湿地以及建筑用地和裸地则记录了由于补丁的创建和聚合。这些人为转变，加上缺乏土地管理规划，将损害森林生态系统的未来，因为景观干扰水平在 33 年内从 1.1 增加到 5.5，增加了五倍。因此，迫切需要制定综合的、参与性的土地管理战略，以保护森林资源并保证其恢复力。